{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:04:38Z","timestamp":1790640278885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPIIT-IN205421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPIIT-IN205421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005739","name":"UNAM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FESC-CI2214\/2441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FESC-CI2214\/2441"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In mammals, the pineal hormone melatonin is the most powerful pacemaker of the master circadian clock and is responsible for reproduction in seasonal breeders. It is also well known that melatonin and its metabolites play antioxidant roles in many tissues, including reproductive cells. Melatonin synthesis and secretion from the pineal gland occurs during scotophase (the dark phase during a day\u2013night cycle), while its inhibition is observed during photophase (period of light during a day\u2013night cycle). Short-day breeders, such as goats, are stimulated to breed in a manner dependent on high endogenous levels of melatonin. This hormone can be synthesized in various extra-pineal tissues, such as retina, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, and testis, with its main function being as a local antioxidant, given that melatonin and its metabolites are potent scavengers of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Moreover, it has been reported that some functions of melatonin can be exerted through plasma membrane and intracellular receptors expressed in the male reproductive system, including germ cells, immature and mature spermatozoa. It has been shown that melatonin may enhance gamete cryosurvival mainly by its addition into the media and\/or in exogenous melatonin treatments in several species. In the present review, the physiological effects of endogenous melatonin in mammals are described, with a deeper focus on caprine reproduction. Additionally, results from recent investigations on the roles of exogenous melatonin aimed at improving the reproductive efficiency of goat bucks are discussed. There are contradictory findings and a limited amount of research available in the field of goat sperm cryopreservation associated with the use of melatonin. Understanding and improving goat reproduction and production is essential for many marginalized human populations around the world who directly depend on goats to maintain and improve their lifestyle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1732849028000},"page":"1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Role of Melatonin on Caprine (Capra hircus) Sperm Freezability: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8750-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto Jorge","family":"Cardenas-Padilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Reproducci\u00f3n Animal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Jimenez-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cerbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Medrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Reproducci\u00f3n Animal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitl\u00e1n, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico, Cuautitl\u00e1n Izcalli 54714, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01543a060","article-title":"Isolation of melatonin, the pineal gland factor that lightens melanocytes 1","volume":"80","author":"Lerner","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. 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