{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:28:27Z","timestamp":1793122107988,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451\u201303\u201366\/2024\u201303\/200288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451\u201303\u201366\/2024\u201303\/200288"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Zinc (Zn) is an essential metal that plays a critical role in normal testicular development, spermatogenesis, prevention of sperm degradation, and overall male fertility. This review aims to offer a comprehensive and current overview of seminal plasma Zn levels in fertile men worldwide. It also aims to compare Zn levels in seminal plasma and blood (serum\/plasma) between infertile men (cases) and fertile men (controls), examine the impact of Zn on sperm quality and the reproductive hormone, and highlight the effects of Zn supplementation therapy in male infertility. Methods: To achieve these goals, peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2024 were interrogated with regard to strict inclusion\/exclusion criteria and were then thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Results: Our findings indicate that maintaining optimal seminal plasma Zn levels is crucial, as low Zn levels are linked to impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility, while high Zn levels can cause oxidative stress and other changes that contribute to infertility. Seminal plasma Zn levels from 100 to 200 mg\/L among fertile men worldwide can be roughly considered safe. Comparative analysis showed that a greater number of studies reported lower levels of seminal Zn in cases than in controls. Research into the impact of Zn levels in seminal plasma has shown that, although the results are not yet conclusive, altered (non-normal) Zn levels could influence semen parameters\u2014particularly motility, morphology, and sperm count\u2014and the level of the reproductive hormone, testosterone. Zinc-deficient infertile men could benefit from supplement therapy. Conclusions: Assessment of seminal plasma Zn levels in infertile men could provide valuable information and aid in diagnosis and treatment planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T04:01:39Z","timestamp":1738209699000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association Between Zinc Levels and the Impact of Its Deficiency on Idiopathic Male Infertility: An Up-to-Date Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Neboj\u0161a","family":"Ze\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics \u201cNarodni Front\u201d, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Suboti\u0107a 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Special Hospital Belgrade, Human Reproduction Center, Antifa\u0161isti\u010dke borbe 2a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9114-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Veselinovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Research and Developmental Institute \u201cLife Activities Advancement Institute\u201d, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-6407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Perovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics \u201cNarodni Front\u201d, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Suboti\u0107a 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6221-3437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Stojsavljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.170370","article-title":"Trends of male factor infertility, an important cause of infertility: A review of literature","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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