{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:47:55Z","timestamp":1790714875196,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ecuadorian Corporation for the Development of Research and the Academy (CEDIA)","award":["MAE-DNB-CM-2017-0080-UTE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAE-DNB-CM-2017-0080-UTE"]}]},{"name":"Ecuadorian Corporation for the Development of Research and the Academy (CEDIA)","award":["MAE-DNB-2019-0911-O"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAE-DNB-2019-0911-O"]}]},{"name":"Ecuadorian Corporation for the Development of Research and the Academy (CEDIA)","award":["CEPRA-XII-2019-Flores"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEPRA-XII-2019-Flores"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biodiversity of the Amazon rainforest includes little-known cocoa species, which are essential resources for local communities. This study evaluated the bioactive compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of seeds and mucilage of four non-traditional cocoa species (Theobroma subincanum, T. speciosum, T. bicolor and Herrania nitida). Physico-chemical properties, minerals, vitamin C, organic acids, phenolics, and carotenoids were analysed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques. The antioxidant activity was measured by ABTS and DPPH, along with the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus mutans, as well as Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. T. subincanum seeds scored high in titratable acidity, magnesium, sodium, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and quercetin. In contrast, the mucilage scored high in calcium, m-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, quercetin glycoside, and antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. T. speciosum mucilage excelled in malic acid, tartaric acid, naringenin, and antioxidant capacity. T. bicolor seeds excelled in lutein and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and mucilage in iron, potassium, vitamin C, citric acid, gallic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, zeaxanthin, \u03b2-carotene, and antioxidant capacity by ABTS. The mucilage of H. nitida has a high soluble solids content. These results highlight the potential of these species as sustainable sources of functional compounds and nutraceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:12:33Z","timestamp":1740737553000},"page":"299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activity of Seeds and Mucilage of Non-Traditional Cocoas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4495-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Coyago-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maestr\u00eda en Productos Farmac\u00e9uticos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Guachamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7193-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melany","family":"Alomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cerna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5903-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda en Biotecnolog\u00eda de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Gir\u00f3n, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170109, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7620-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Heredia-Moya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3335-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos y Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Nacional, Quito 170524, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"POWO (2024, October 21). 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