{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:34:27Z","timestamp":1788622467785,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P01AI42288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI42288"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R56 AI177861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AI177861"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RM1 GM139690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1 GM139690"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01DK127497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK127497"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01DK135081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK135081"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH","award":["P01AI42288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01AI42288"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH","award":["R56 AI177861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56 AI177861"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH","award":["RM1 GM139690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RM1 GM139690"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH","award":["R01DK127497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK127497"]}]},{"name":"Intramural Research Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH","award":["R01DK135081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK135081"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>NADPH oxidase (NOX) family members are major resources of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the immune system, ROS derived from phagocytic NOX (NOX2) participate in both pathogen clearance and signaling transduction. The role of NOX2 in neutrophils and macrophages has been well studied as mutations in NOX2 subunits cause chronic granulomas disease (CGD). NOX2 is expressed across a wide range of immune cells and recent reports have demonstrated that NOX2-derived ROS play important roles in other immune cells during an immune response. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of functions of NADPH oxidase 2 in each subset of leukocytes, as well as associations of NOX2 deficiency with diseases associated specifically with autoimmunity and immune deficiency. We also discuss important knowledge gaps as well as potential future directions for NOX2 research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T03:26:21Z","timestamp":1741058781000},"page":"309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Role of NADPH Oxidase 2 in Leukocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jennifer W.","family":"Leiding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA"},{"name":"Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton E.","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, National Cancer Institutes, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-8062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/416291a","article-title":"Killing activity of neutrophils is mediated through activation of proteases by K+ flux","volume":"416","author":"Reeves","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11632","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c00770","article-title":"NADPH Oxidases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Current Inhibitors","volume":"66","author":"Cipriano","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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