{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:59:41Z","timestamp":1760057981641,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/01027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Twin pregnancies, with higher incidences of preterm birth, are becoming more prevalent. Progesterone has shown effectiveness in the prevention of preterm labour, though other factors related to pregnancy and neonatal health may be affected by this hormone and have not been previously addressed. This study aims to evaluate the impact of progesterone administration on oxidative stress and bone turnover during twin gestation and investigate associations with some maternal\/neonatal variables of interest. Women pregnant with twins were recruited in the \u201cVirgen de la Arrixaca\u201d University Hospital and randomly assigned to two groups: control (n = 49) and progesterone (n = 50). A total of 600 mg\/day of progesterone was vaginally administered from 11 to 14 to 34 weeks of gestation. Blood samples were taken in the first (T1) and third trimester (T3), analyzing biomarkers related to oxidative stress and bone turnover. Most bone turnover and oxidative markers experiment with significant changes during gestation. Progesterone administration significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05) the levels of osteocalcin in T3 and decreased (p &lt; 0.05) the levels of sclerostin. Regarding oxidative stress, the progesterone group, unlike the control group, showed no significant increase in oxidative stress between T1 and T3. In conclusion, results show that progesterone administration could increase maternal bone formation and modulate oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T08:46:41Z","timestamp":1741596401000},"page":"324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vaginal Administration of Progesterone in Twin Gestation: Influence on Bone Turnover and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Puche-Juarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Toledano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9690-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Moreno-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IBS) (E15-EXPODIET; MP19), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-1757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Diaz-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IBS) (E15-EXPODIET; MP19), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4253-3556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9993-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mar Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, 28850 Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1793-7049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n, 28850 Torrej\u00f3n de Ardoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0792-7119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An\u00edbal","family":"Nieto-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8976-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio J.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology \u201cJos\u00e9 Mataix Verd\u00fa\u201d, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18016 Armilla, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IBS) (E15-EXPODIET; MP19), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-6388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"De Paco Matallana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1053\/sper.2002.34775","article-title":"Trends in the occurrence, determinants, and consequences of multiple births","volume":"26","author":"Blondel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin. 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