{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:12:06Z","timestamp":1783116726623,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Society of Pneumology","award":["PID2020-114787RBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114787RBI00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2020-114787RBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114787RBI00"]}]},{"name":"MCIN","award":["PID2020-114787RBI00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114787RBI00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory cell activation in asthma may lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction with an imbalance between oxidant levels and antioxidant capacity, called oxidative stress (OS). Since particulate matter (PM) airborne exposure may also contribute to ROS generation, it is unclear whether PM contributes more to OS than inflammatory cell activation. In our ASTHMA-FENOP study, which included 44 asthma patients and 37 matched controls, we aimed to characterize OS using five serum markers: total ROS content, protein carbonyl content, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and glutathione. Volunteers wore personal samplers for 24 h, collecting fine and coarse PM fractions separately, and the oxidative potential (OP) was determined using two methods. We observed differences between asthmatic and non-asthmatic volunteers in some OS markers, such as OxLDL, with an adjusted mean difference of 50,059.8 ng\/mL (p &lt; 0.001). However, we did not find an association between higher PM-OP and increased systemic OS. This suggests that at our PM-OP exposure levels, OS generated by the inflammatory cells themselves is more relevant than that generated by airborne PM. This supports the idea that asthma is a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level, mediated by inflammatory cell activation, and that OS may have potential clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T06:25:15Z","timestamp":1742883915000},"page":"385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of Systemic Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Adults Compared to Healthy Controls and Its Association with the Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter Collected Using Personal Samplers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Research Group, Departamento Enfermer\u00eda, Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Avda. Valdecilla, s\/n, 39008 Santander, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5891-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Robainas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5465-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Exp\u00f3sito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00edas Qu\u00edmica y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s\/n, 39005 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ag\u00fcero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6407-5832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Garc\u00eda-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Abascal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5598-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Antonio","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7251-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9","family":"Ruiz-Cubill\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sobaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2531-3284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Unzueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3682-0142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Cifri\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pneumology, Hospital Universitario Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Fernandez-Olmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00edas Qu\u00edmica y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. 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