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This mainly stems from the excessive intake of dietary fats. Dendrobium officinale (DO), recognized as an herb with dual roles of food and medicine, is renowned for its diverse health-promoting effects. Nevertheless, the specifics of its antiobesity and anti-inflammatory properties and the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. The present study shows that treatment with Dendrobium officinale extract (DOE) alleviates obesity, liver steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats that are obese due to a high-fat diet (HFD). Firstly, with respect to HFD obese rats, higher doses of DOE significantly reduced TG, TC, LDL-C, blood glucose, and liver AST and ALT, along with lipid droplets. Meanwhile, DOE supplementation significantly reduced oxidative stress induced by ROS and MDA and increased the levels of GSH-Px and SOD in liver tissues. Furthermore, integrated analysis of transcriptomic and microbiomic data revealed that DOE modulated inflammatory responses through the NF-\u03baB\/I\u03baB pathway. This regulatory mechanism was evidenced by corresponding changes in the protein expression levels of both NF-\u03baB and I\u03baB. Additionally, DOE was found to modulate gut microbiota composition in obese rats, specifically reducing the relative abundance of Bilophila while increasing beneficial bacterial populations, particularly the genera Akkermansia and Roseburia. These findings suggest that DOE may help retain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota and improve metabolic health by regulating inflammation in the liver and intestine, thereby providing protection against obesity and related metabolic syndromes. Our study demonstrates that DOE, as a natural botanical extract, can effectively facilitate the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome through precision dietary interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T05:51:26Z","timestamp":1743659486000},"page":"432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dendrobium officinale Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Rats: Involvement of Gut Microbiota, Liver Transcriptomics, and NF-\u03baB\/I\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Runze","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanjia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenghao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Visceral Manifestation in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0788-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104670","article-title":"The anti-obesity effect of fermented tremella\/blueberry and its potential mechanisms in metabolically healthy obese rats","volume":"86","author":"Sheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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