{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:35:20Z","timestamp":1787726120316,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2022YFD1801105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1801105"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["32172897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172897"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2022YFD1801105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1801105"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172897"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2022YFD1801105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1801105"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["32172897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172897"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-37"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, with cigarette smoking being a major risk factor and no effective treatment at present. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-\u03b21) plays a key role in PF and regulating oxidative stress. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Artemisia rupestris L. ethanol extract (ER) on cigarette smoke (CS)-induced PF. We used pull-down and LC\u2013MS analyses to screen and identify compounds that bind to TGF-\u03b21 in ER. We demonstrated that ER inhibits CS-induced PF, lung inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby improving pulmonary structural injury. The ER inhibits fibroblast activation and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), reducing collagen deposition for the treatment of PF. We identified the active ingredient in ER that binds to TGF-\u03b21, namely, Luteolin 7-glucuronide (LG). LG inhibits the TGF-\u03b21 signaling pathway through targeted binding to TGF-\u03b21, downregulates the expression of downstream proteins (including collagen I, \u03b1-SMA, MMP-2, and MMP-9), and inhibits fibronectin expression. It also inhibits fibroblast activation and FMT, enhances E-cadherin expression to promote fibroblast adhesion, and suppresses collagen deposition, alleviating PF. Based on these findings, we propose that LG might be a promising therapeutic drug candidate for treating PF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14050533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T03:50:43Z","timestamp":1746071443000},"page":"533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Luteolin 7-Glucuronide in Artemisia rupestris L. Extract Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Fibroblast Activation and FMT via Targeting of TGF-\u03b21"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lingfeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luyao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9516-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhihui","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Veterinary Medicine Innovation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antar, S.A., Ashour, N.A., Marawan, M.E., and Al-Karmalawy, A.A. 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