{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:35:52Z","timestamp":1790066152335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Project","award":["2021ZDLNY02-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDLNY02-09"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Project","award":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"]}]},{"name":"Shaanxi Province Key Research and Development Project","award":["K4050423284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K4050423284"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang City Key Research and Development Project","award":["2021ZDLNY02-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDLNY02-09"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang City Key Research and Development Project","award":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang City Key Research and Development Project","award":["K4050423284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K4050423284"]}]},{"name":"School-Enterprise Cooperation Project","award":["2021ZDLNY02-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDLNY02-09"]}]},{"name":"School-Enterprise Cooperation Project","award":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZDYF-NY-0005"]}]},{"name":"School-Enterprise Cooperation Project","award":["K4050423284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K4050423284"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study utilized a high-fat diet-induced obese male C57BL\/6 mice model to investigate the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LL-1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LP-16. A gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing, along with measurements of body weight, lipids, inflammation markers, and gut metabolites, revealed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) significantly reduced body weight, blood lipid levels, and liver oxidative stress. They also enhanced gut microbiota diversity and evenness, potentially by modulating the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio to limit excess energy absorption. Malondialdehyde (MDA) showed extremely significant positive correlations with Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, and Colidextribacter, and a significant positive correlation with Helicobacter, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) exhibited opposite trends. Specifically, Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus showed negative correlations with MDA levels and positive correlations with SOD and GSH-Px. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) positively correlated with Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, and Lactobacillus, but negatively correlated with Lachnospiraceae, Blautia, Colidextribacter, Alistipes, and Helicobacter. They increased SCFA levels by promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogens, alleviating obesity and hyperlipidemia. Additionally, they regulated the gut microbiota, decreasing bile acids and long-chain fatty acids while increasing SCFAs, short peptides, and vitamins, thereby improving gut metabolic disorders and enhancing host gut health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14050547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T08:28:11Z","timestamp":1746174491000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lactococcus lactis Subsp. lactis LL-1 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LP-16 Influence the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites for Anti-Obesity and Hypolipidemic Effects in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wupeng","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"336","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/4441022a","article-title":"Human gut microbes associated with obesity","volume":"444","author":"Ley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.03.029","article-title":"Tibet kefir milk decreases fat deposition by regulating the gut microbiota and gene expression of Lpl and Angptl4 in high fat diet-fed rats","volume":"121","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. 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