{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:41:16Z","timestamp":1788345676083,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JBS Fund for the Amazon","award":["348\/2021-UEAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["348\/2021-UEAP"]}]},{"name":"JBS Fund for the Amazon","award":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"]}]},{"name":"JBS Fund for the Amazon","award":["003\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003\/2020"]}]},{"name":"JBS Fund for the Amazon","award":["397\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["397\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Amap\u00e1-FAPEAP","award":["348\/2021-UEAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["348\/2021-UEAP"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Amap\u00e1-FAPEAP","award":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Amap\u00e1-FAPEAP","award":["003\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Support Foundation of the State of Amap\u00e1-FAPEAP","award":["397\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["397\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008532","name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["348\/2021-UEAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["348\/2021-UEAP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008532","name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPEAP\/Decit\/SCTIE\/MS\/SESA-AP\/CNPq"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008532","name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["003\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["003\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008532","name":"Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["397\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["397\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The antioxidant capacity and modulation of oxidative stress by industrially processed a\u00e7a\u00ed pulp extract from the Amazon (APEA) and its major anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (C3R), were evaluated as potential strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The APEA was chemically characterized using ultrafast liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS), which revealed six main phenolic compounds. Notably, 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-9-oxononanoic acid, acanthoside B, roseoside, cinchonine, and nonanedioate were identified for the first time in a\u00e7a\u00ed extracts. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated that APEA exhibited strong DPPH- and ABTS-radical-scavenging activities (up to 80% inhibition and 65 mmol TE\/100g DW, respectively) and showed ferrous- and copper-ion-chelating activities comparable to those of EDTA-Na2 at higher concentrations (up to 95% inhibition). Hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities reached 80% inhibition, similar to that of ascorbic acid. In H2O2-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes, APEA significantly reduced the intracellular ROS levels by 46.9%, comparable to the effect of N-acetylcysteine. APEA also attenuated menadione-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells, as shown by a significant reduction in CellROX fluorescence (p &lt; 0.05). In vivo, APEA (100 mg\/kg) significantly reduced CCl-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation (MDA levels), restored glutathione (GSH), and increased the antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPx, and SOD, demonstrating superior effects to C3G and C3R, especially after 21 days of treatment (p &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that Amazonian a\u00e7a\u00ed pulp (APEA) retains potent antioxidant activity after industrial processing, with protective effects against oxidative damage in cardiomyocytes and hepatic tissue, highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient with cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060642","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T12:28:42Z","timestamp":1748435322000},"page":"642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling of Processed A\u00e7a\u00ed Pulp (Euterpe oleracea) Through Mass Spectrometry and Its Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress in Cardiomyocytes and Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson Rom\u00e1ryo Duarte da","family":"Luz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s\/n, \u2013Centro, Macap\u00e1 68900-070, AP, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences\u2013DCBS, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Rodovia Rod. Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7613-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eder Alves","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Bras\u00edlia 70910-900, DF, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubiamara Mauricio de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s\/n\u2013Petr\u00f3polis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L\u00facia de Azevedo","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s\/n\u2013Petr\u00f3polis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5205-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela Fabiani","family":"Silva Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences\u2013DCBS, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Rodovia Rod. Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Reale","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences\u2013DCBS, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Rodovia Rod. Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisele Cust\u00f3dio","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences\u2013DCBS, Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Rodovia Rod. Josmar Chaves Pinto, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elenilze Figueiredo Batista","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s\/n, \u2013Centro, Macap\u00e1 68900-070, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9173-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Guzm\u00e1n-Pincheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Care Sciences, San Sebasti\u00e1n University, Lientur 1457, 3\u00b0 Piso, Edificio Los Alerces, Concepci\u00f3n 5110693, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5587-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria das Gra\u00e7as","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s\/n\u2013Petr\u00f3polis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Araujo-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s\/n, \u2013Centro, Macap\u00e1 68900-070, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.07.013","article-title":"The French paradox three decades later: Role of inflammation and thrombosis","volume":"510","author":"Fragopoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1675-6","article-title":"Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Aging","volume":"25","author":"Mazza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattioli, R., Francioso, A., Mosca, L., and Silva, P. (2020). Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173809"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1422111","article-title":"Superfruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health effects\u2014A comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurindo, L.F., Barbalho, S.B., Ara\u00fajo, A.C., Guiguer, E.L., Mondal, A., Bachtel, G., and Bishayee, A. (2023). A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in Health and Disease: A Critical Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15040989"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.11-02","article-title":"Dietary a\u00e7ai modulates ROS production by neutrophils and gene expression of liver antioxidant enzymes in rats","volume":"49","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Freitas Carvalho, M.M., Lage, N.N., de Souza Paulino, A.H., Pereira, R.R., de Almeida, L.T., da Silva, T.F., de Brito Magalh\u00e3es, C.L., de Lima, W.G., Silva, M.E., and Pedrosa, M.L. (2019). Effects of a\u00e7ai on oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation-related parameters in mice with high fat diet-fed induced NAFLD. Sci. Rep., 30.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44563-y"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Figueiredo, A.M., Cardoso, A.C., Pereira, B.L.B., Silva, R.A.C., Ripa, A.F.G.D., Pinelli, T.F.B., Oliveira, B.C., Rafacho, B.P.M., Ishikawa, L.L.W., and Azevedo, P.S. (2022). A\u00e7ai supplementation (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats through different mechanistic pathways. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264854"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez de Peredo, A.V., V\u00e1zquez-Espinosa, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Jim\u00e9nez-Cantizano, A., Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Amores-Arrocha, A., Palma, M., Barroso, G.C., and F. Barbero, G. (2018). Development of New Analytical Microwave-Assisted Extraction Methods for Bioactive Compounds from Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Molecules, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23112992"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez de Peredo, A.V., V\u00e1zquez-Espinosa, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Amores-Arrocha, A., Palma, M., Barbero, G.F., and Jim\u00e9nez-Cantizano, A. (2019). Alternative ultrasound-assisted method for the extraction of the bioactive compounds present in Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.). Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050882"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alia\u00f1o-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.J., Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Carrera, C., Palma, M., \u00c1lvarez, J.A., Ayuso, J., and Barbero, G.F. (2020). Extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from a\u00e7ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with an experimental design methodology. Part 1: Pressurized liquid extraction. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10020183"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alia\u00f1o-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.J., Espada-Bellido, E., Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Carrera, C., Palma, M., Ayuso, J., \u00c1lvarez, J.\u00c1., and Barbero, G.F. (2020). Extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from A\u00e7ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with an experimental design methodology. Part 2: Ultrasound-assisted extraction. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10030326"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alia\u00f1o-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.J., Ferreiro-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Espada-Bellido, E., Carrera, C., Palma, M., Ayuso, J., Barbero, G.F., and \u00c1lvarez, J.\u00c1. (2020). Extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from A\u00e7ai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with an experimental design methodology. Part 3: Microwave-assisted extraction. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10020179"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matta, F.V., Xiong, J., Lila, M.A., Ward, N.I., Felipe-Sotelo, M., and Esposito, D. (2020). Chemical Composition and Bioactive Properties of Commercial and Non-Commercial Purple and White A\u00e7a\u00ed Berries. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202009.0703.v1"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Cappellin, F., Reiner, Z., Zorzan, D., Imran, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., El-Shazly, M., and Fahmy, N.M. (2020). Therapeutic potential of anthocyanins: Current approaches are based on their molecular mechanisms of action. Front. Pharmacol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01300"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tumilaar, S.G., Hardianto, A., Dohi, H., and Kurnia, D. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Overview, Clinical Applications, Global Perspectives, Future Directions, and Mechanisms of Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds. J. Chem., 594386.","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5594386"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy, H.K., Pereira, M., Rajavelu, I., Jayaraman, V., Krishna, K., Wang, T., Bei, K., and Rajasekaran, J.J. (2024). Oxidative stress: Fundamentals and advances in quantification techniques. Front. Chem., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1470458"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubois-Deruy, E., Peugnet, V., Turkieh, A., and Pinet, F. (2020). Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090864"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c05603","article-title":"Investigating oxidative stress associated with myocardial fibrosis by high-fidelity visualization and accurate evaluation of mitochondrial GSH levels","volume":"96","author":"Ou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2024.10.001","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"17","author":"Zou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Card. Electrophysiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36895-1","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 18 alleviates stress-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in male mice","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokuyama, T., and Yanagi, S. (2023). Role of mitochondrial dynamics in heart diseases. Genes, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14101876"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3bel-Nowicka, K., Wojciechowska, C., Jache\u0107, W., Zalewska, M., and Romuk, E. (2024). Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in Heart Failure. Medicina, 60.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60050760"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"e55313","article-title":"Association Between Oxidative Stress and the Progression of Heart Failure: A Systematic Review","volume":"16","author":"Chawla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04361-7","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress as a preventive and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Netala, V.R., Teertam, S.K., Li, H., and Zhang, Z. (2024). A Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Disease Management: Cardiac Biomarkers, Imaging Modalities, Pharmacotherapy, Surgical Interventions, and Herbal Remedies. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13171471"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.034","article-title":"ROS function in redox signaling and oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Schieber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.34818","article-title":"Structural and physicochemical properties of freeze-dried a\u00e7a\u00ed pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)","volume":"40","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luz, J.R.D.d., Barbosa, E.A., Nascimento, T.E.S.D., Rezende, A.A., Ururahy, M.A.G., Brito, A.D.S., Araujo-Silva, G., L\u00f3pez, J.A., and Almeida, M.D.G. (2022). Chemical Characterization of Flowers and Leaf Extracts Obtained from Turnera subulata and Their Immunomodulatory Effect on LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27031084"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senes-Lopes, T.F., Luz, J.R.D.D., Guterres, Z.D.R., Barbosa, E.A., Batista, D., Galdino, O.A., Ururahy, M.A.G., Santos, E.C.G., L\u00f3pez, J.A., and Araujo-Silva, G. (2023). Pseudobombax parvifolium hydroalcoholic bark extract: Chemical characterization and cytotoxic, mutagenic, and preclinical aspects associated with a protective effect against oxidative stress. Metabolites, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13060748"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luz, J.R.D.d., L\u00f3pez, J.A., Ferreira, M.P., de Sousa, R.M., Silva, S.V.e., Almeida, M.d.G., and Araujo-Silva, G. (2023). In vitro antithrombotic, antitumor, and antiangiogenic activities of green tea polyphenols and their Main Constituent Epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Processes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11010076"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, S.V.e., Gallia, M.C., Luz, J.R.D.d., Rezende, A.A.d., Bongiovanni, G.A., Araujo-Silva, G., and Almeida, M.d.G. (2022). Antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10 in the prevention of oxidative stress in arsenic-treated CHO-K1 cells and possible participation of zinc as a pro-oxidant agent. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14163265"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2021.2002744","article-title":"Licania rigida leaf extract: Protective effect on oxidative stress, associated with cytotoxic, mutagenic, and preclinical aspects","volume":"85","author":"Batista","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2944(76)90049-1","article-title":"Simple fluorometric assay for lipoperoxides in blood plasma","volume":"15","author":"Yagi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Bergmeyen, H.V. (1975). Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Red Blood Cell Metabolism: A Manual of Biochemical Methods, Grune and Stratton."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"882","article-title":"Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione","volume":"61","author":"Beutler","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.005","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk: A Compass for Future Health","volume":"80","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senoner, T., and Dichtl, W. (2019). Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: Still a therapeutic target. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092090"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kappagoda, C.T., Amsterdam, E.A., and Wenger, N.K. (2014). Drugs in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. PanVascular Medicine, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37393-0_55-1"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Prabhakaran, D., Anand, S., and Gaziano, T.A. (2017). Management of hypertension and dyslipidemia for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Related Disorders, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development\/The World Bank. [3rd ed.]. Chapter 22."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.12.013","article-title":"Adherence to drugs that prevent cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis on 376,162 patients","volume":"125","author":"Naderi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2024.07.020","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers versus angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction without heart failure","volume":"137","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70075","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.70075","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of calcium-channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme\/angiotensin receptor blockers and diuretics on cardiovascular event likelihood in hypertensive African-American and non-Hispanic Caucasians: A retrospective study across HCA healthcare","volume":"48","author":"Harrison","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S379874","article-title":"A healthy diet for cardiovascular disease prevention: Where are we now?","volume":"19","author":"Diab","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vasc. Health. Risk. Manag."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, I., Wilairatana, P., Saqib, F., Nasir, B., Wahid, M., Latif, M.F., Iqbal, A., Naz, R., and Mubarak, M.S. (2023). Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28176403"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, Y., Wang, H., Fan, W., Lv, J., Niu, Q., Zhu, R., and Zhang, Q. (2024). Effects of polyphenol-rich seed foods on lipid and inflammatory markers in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1493410"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2024.102746","article-title":"Dietary strategies for cardiovascular disease risk factors prevention","volume":"49","author":"Mazur","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, I.O., Crespo-Lopez, M.E., Augusto-Oliveira, M., Arrifano, G.d.P., Ramos-Nunes, N.R., Gomes, E.B., da Silva, F.R.P., de Sousa, A.A., Leal, A.L.A.B., and Damasceno, H.C. (2023). What We Know about the Euterpe Genus and Neuroprotection: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15143189"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24054","article-title":"Amazonian palm tree fruits: From nutritional value to diversity of new food products","volume":"10","author":"Amorim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.12-110","article-title":"The lipid peroxidation product, 9-oxononanoic acid, induces phospholipase A2 activity and thromboxane A2 production in human blood","volume":"52","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6749425","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6749425","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of fermented bark of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus and Its Isolated Compounds on Lipopolysaccharide-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells","volume":"2020","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, E.Y., Kim, T.Y., Hong, G.U., Kang, H., Lee, J.Y., Park, J.Y., Kim, S.C., Kim, Y.H., Chung, M.H., and Kwon, Y.I. (2019). Inhibitory effects of roseoside and icariside E4 isolated from a natural product mixture (No-AP) on the Expression of Angiotensin II Receptor 1 and Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II-Stimulated H9C2 Cells. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030414"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2174\/0115680266270796231109171808","article-title":"Cinchonine: A Versatile Pharmacological Agent Derived from Natural Cinchona Alkaloids","volume":"24","author":"Parveen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S485237","article-title":"Azelaic Acid: Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.02.123","article-title":"Liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry-based fingerprinting analysis and mass profiling of Euterpe oleracea (a\u00e7a\u00ed) dietary supplement raw materials","volume":"134","author":"Mulabagal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.3416","article-title":"A comparative metabolomics analysis of A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Fruits, food powders, and botanical dietary supplements","volume":"36","author":"Heck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111968","article-title":"Towards innovative food processing of flavonoid compounds: Insights into stability and bioactivity","volume":"150","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, A.P.S., Camargo, A.C., Lazarini, J.G., Franchin, M., Sardi, J.C.O., Rosalen, P.L., and Alencar, S.M. (2022). Phenolic Profile and the Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Properties of A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) Meal: A Prospective Study. Foods, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12010086"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meafoo.2024.100149","article-title":"Analysis of polyphenols, anthocyanins and toxic elements in A\u00e7a\u00ed Juice (Euterpe oleracea Mart.): Quantification and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant capacity of clarified A\u00e7a\u00ed juice","volume":"14","author":"Costa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Meas. Food"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juan, C.A., P\u00e9rez de la Lastra, J.M., Plou, F.J., and P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a, E. (2021). The Chemistry of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) has revealed their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, Lipids and Proteins) and Induced Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palacin-Martinez, C., Anel-Lopez, L., Alvarez, M., Neila-Montero, M., Montes-Garrido, R., Soriano-\u00dabeda, C., de Paz, P., Anel, L., and Riesco, M.F. (2024). The characterization of CellROX\u2122 probes could be a crucial factor in ram sperm quality assessment. Front. Vet. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1342808"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Currie, T.L., Engler, M.M., Olsen, C.H., Krauthamer, V., Scott, J.M., Deuster, P.A., and Flagg, T.P. (2022). Effects of Berry Extracts on Oxidative Stress in Cultured Cardiomyocytes and Microglial Cells: A Potential Cardioprotective and Neuroprotective Mechanism. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092789"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.09.006","article-title":"Malvidin, a red wine polyphenol, modulates mammalian myocardial and coronary performance and protects the heart against ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"24","author":"Quintieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60588D","article-title":"Blueberry polyphenols prevent cardiomyocyte death by preventing calpain activation and oxidative stress","volume":"5","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattera, R., Benvenuto, M., Giganti, M.G., Tresoldi, I., Pluchinotta, F.R., Bergante, S., Tettamanti, G., Masuelli, L., Manzari, V., and Modesti, A. (2017). Effects of Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress-Mediated Injury in Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050523"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088080","article-title":"Uremic toxin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: Protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract from a\u00e7a\u00ed","volume":"105","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001003","article-title":"A\u00e7a\u00ed Reverses Adverse Cardiovascular Remodeling in Renovascular Hypertension: A Comparative Effect with Enalapril","volume":"77","author":"Vilhena","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2022.2026376","article-title":"Polyphenols: A first evidence in the synergism and bioactivity","volume":"39","author":"Mitra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Rev. Int."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(01)00473-5","article-title":"Carbon tetrachloride changes the activity of cytochrome P450 system in the liver of male rats: Role of antioxidants","volume":"169","author":"Sheweita","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2020-0048","article-title":"Toxicity of carbon tetrachloride, free radicals and role of antioxidants","volume":"36","author":"Unsal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-002-0824-5","article-title":"Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in various rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride toxicity","volume":"10","author":"Czechowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afzal, S., Manap, A.S.A., Attiq, A., Albokhadaim, I., Kandeel, M., and Alhojaily, S.M. (2023). From imbalance to impairment: The central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration. Front. Pharmacol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1269581"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popovi\u0107, D., Koci\u0107, G., Kati\u0107, V., Zarubica, A., Jankovi\u0107 Veli\u010dkovi\u0107, L., Ni\u010dkovi\u0107, V.P., Jovi\u0107, A., Veljkovi\u0107, A., Petrovi\u0107, V., and Raki\u0107, V. (2019). Anthocyanins Protect Hepatocytes against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory mediators, Polyamine Catabolism, Lipocalin-2, and Excessive Proliferation of Kupffer Cells. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100451"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1693-z","article-title":"Carbon tetrachloride increases the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in different brain areas of Wistar rats: The protective effect of Acai frozen pulp","volume":"40","author":"Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-016-9873-3","article-title":"Subchronic treatment with Aci-frozen pulp prevents oxidative brain damage in rats with acute liver failure","volume":"31","author":"Machado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metab. Brain. Dis."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/14\/6\/642\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:41:13Z","timestamp":1760031673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/14\/6\/642"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox14060642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox14060642","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]}}}