{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:39:23Z","timestamp":1789522763175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA-NIFA","award":["2022-38821-37296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-38821-37296"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phytochemical profile and antioxidant activities of Prunus africana bark, Leea indica and Paullinia pinnata leaves from Cameroon were investigated in this study. The yields of pure methanolic extraction were 11.9%, 11.1% and 10.8% in P. africana bark, L. indica and P. pinnata leaves, respectively. The total phenolic content was 189.0 \u00b1 16.93, 163.6 \u00b1 14.73 and 114.6 \u00b1 10.38 mg GAE\/g and total flavonoid content was 43.25 \u00b1 6.43, 28.31 \u00b1 4.44, and 19.75 \u00b1 4.03 mg RU\/g in P. africana bark, L. indica and P. pinnata leaves, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the plants were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. The IC50 evaluated in P. africana bark, L. indica and P. pinnata leaves was 109.5 \u00b1 13.2, 132.1 \u00b1 18.7 and 156.1 \u00b1 21.9 \u00b5g\/mL for DPPH and 98.1 \u00b1 4.8, 101.3 \u00b1 12.1 and 133.9 \u00b1 16.0 \u00b5g \/mL for ABTS assay. The FRAP value was 61.1 \u00b1 1.5, 50.5 \u00b1 1.5 and 43.4 \u00b1 2.1 \u00b5MFe2+\/g in the same sequence. The functional groups for the corresponding phytochemicals, including alkane, alkene, aliphatic ether, ester, amine, \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated ester, alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, and aliphatic ketone, were identified through fourier-transform infrared analysis. The identified and quantified phenolic acids in this study were methyl-4-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, protocatechuic and p-coumaric acid, identified using high-performance liquid chromatography.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:27:09Z","timestamp":1748867229000},"page":"666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Prunus africana Bark, Leea indica and Paullinia pinnata Leaf Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Md Rezaul","family":"Karim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology (Food and Nutritional Sciences), Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl E.","family":"Miletti-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberta N. A.","family":"Aryee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology (Food and Nutritional Sciences), Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7214-2062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel A.","family":"Besong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Ecology (Food and Nutritional Sciences), Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tiwari, B.K., Brunton, N.P., and Brennan, C.S. (2013). Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals: Sources, Stability and Extraction, Wiley-Blackwell Publication. 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