{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:49:06Z","timestamp":1774579746749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 113-2320-B-038-041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2320-B-038-041"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, Taiwan","award":["MOST 110-2320-B-038-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2320-B-038-049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fish oil\u2019s neuroprotective effects in ethanol-induced liver injury was investigated through the factor 2 (NRF2)\/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) pathway. Male Wistar rats received a control liquid diet (C) or an ethanol diet (E), with 25% or 57% of fat replaced by fish oil (CF25, CF57, EF25, EF57) for 8 weeks. Compared to the C group, the E group exhibited brain damage, including impaired performance of Y maze and novel object recognition test, increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes, and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive microglia. In the prefrontal cortex, glutathione (GSH) and phosphorylated (p)-NRF2 decreased, catalase activity increased, and nqo1 mRNA declined; hippocampal NRF2 and nqo1 were also downregulated. However, compared to the E group, the EF25 and EF57 groups exhibited restored spatial and memory functions, reduced GFAP and Iba-1 expressions, potentiated \u03b2-amyloid (A\u03b2) clearance, and escalated catalase activity. Furthermore, increases in p-NRF2 and elevated hippocampal nqo1 mRNA expressions in the prefrontal cortex were observed in the EF25 and EF57 groups. In conclusion, fish oil ameliorated deficits in spatial and memory functions, and enhanced A\u03b21-42 clearance in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats with chronic ethanol-induced liver damage by activating the NRF2\/KEAP1 pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14060704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T09:59:14Z","timestamp":1749549554000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Effects of Fish Oil Against Brain Impairment in Rats with Chronic Ethanol-Induced Liver Damage Involving the NRF2 Pathway and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hsiu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu-Chi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2665-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herlin Ajeng","family":"Nurrahma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2894-9325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Huei","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Laboratory of Neuroscience, Office of R&D, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4828-5274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8857, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1579-2165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suh-Ching","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024). 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