{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:25:51Z","timestamp":1790659551793,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]],"date-time":"2025-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University","award":["AHS 01\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHS 01\/2565"]}]},{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University","award":["IRN62W0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRN62W0004"]}]},{"name":"An International Research Network (IRN) grant from the Thailand Research Fund","award":["AHS 01\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHS 01\/2565"]}]},{"name":"An International Research Network (IRN) grant from the Thailand Research Fund","award":["IRN62W0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRN62W0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin damage and premature aging are predominantly driven by UV radiation through several mechanisms. The most common of these are by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and weakened antioxidant defenses. Moringa oleifera is a nutritionally valuable plant with diverse biological activities. This study optimized ethanol concentrations coupled with ultrasonic-assisted extraction to maximize the yield and efficacy of M. oleifera leaf extract (MOLE). We also elucidated the underlying mechanisms of MOLE in protecting against photooxidative damage and skin aging from UVB exposure in HaCaT keratinocytes. Extraction with 50% ethanol produced the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, aligning with the greatest antioxidant activity by ABTS and FRAP assays. MOLE showed no significant cytotoxicity up to 1000 \u00b5g\/mL in the MTT assay. MOLE protected cells from detrimental UVB radiation by scavenging ROS; reducing cell damage and death; enhancing gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT); and improving SOD activity. UVB exposure elevated MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expression and decreased collagen type I (col-1) and elastin (ELN) expression, while these effects were ameliorated by MOLE. Our findings suggest that MOLE protected against UVB-induced photooxidative damage and premature aging in the HaCaT keratinocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T09:24:18Z","timestamp":1750757058000},"page":"766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Ameliorates Photooxidative Damage and Photoaging Induced by Ultraviolet-B in HaCaT Keratinocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tanaporn","family":"Hengpratom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjawan","family":"Dunkhunthod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thai Traditional Medicine Program, Faculty of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Phetchaburi 76000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kittipot","family":"Sirichaiwetchakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pimchaya","family":"Prompradit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issara","family":"Chaisit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-6573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariena","family":"Ketudat-Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salila","family":"Pengthaisong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Ketudat-Cairns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0387-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yothin","family":"Teethaisong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717725755","article-title":"Fighting against skin aging: The way from bench to bedside","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.1021","article-title":"Skin structure-function relationships and the wound healing response to intrinsic aging","volume":"9","author":"Blair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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