{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:34:51Z","timestamp":1783546491243,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Piano di diffusione delle innovazioni nell\u2019ambito del primo Bando Distretti del cibo\u2014Programma del Contratto di Distretto \u201cDistretto del cibo Bio Slow Pane e Olio\u201d","award":["J95B02000030007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J95B02000030007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality and functional properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves from plants cultivated in Sicily, with the objective of exploring their potential use in functional food production. Precision agriculture techniques, including unmanned aerial vehicle-based multispectral remote sensing, were used to determine the optimal harvesting time for M. oleifera. After harvesting, leaves were dried using a smart solar dryer system based on a wireless sensor network and milled with a laboratory centrifugal mill to produce powdered M. oleifera leaves (PMOLs). Plate counts showed no colonies of undesired microorganisms in PMOLs. The MiSeq Illumina analysis revealed that the class Alphaproteobacteria was dominant (83.20% of Relative Abundance) among bacterial groups found in PMOLs. The hydroalcoholic extract from PMOLs exhibited strong redox-active properties in solution assays and provided antioxidant protection in a cell-based lipid peroxidation model (CAA50: 5.42 \u03bcg\/mL). Additionally, it showed antiproliferative activity against three human tumour epithelial cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, and MCF-7), with GI50 values ranging from 121.03 to 237.75 \u03bcg\/mL. The aromatic profile of PMOLs includes seven phytochemical groups: alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, terpenes, and hydrocarbons. The most representative compounds were terpenes (27.5%), ketones (25.3%), and alcohols (14.5%). Results suggest that PMOLs can serve as a natural additive for functional foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:10:26Z","timestamp":1751436626000},"page":"799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring the Functional Properties of Leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. Cultivated in Sicily Using Precision Agriculture Technologies for Potential Use as a Food Ingredient"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziella","family":"Serio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Viola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0339-8512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Barbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2231-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele Massimo","family":"Mammano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA\u2014Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Via Titina de Filippo 21, 90135 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9403-4735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santo","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5478-3176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Franciosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8846-2109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Ciulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association of Producers SiciliaBio, Via Vittorio Emanuele 100, 92026 Favara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7905-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Alfonzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Schicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1162-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Piazzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5861-3342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Settanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0047-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mannino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Innovation Centre, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15\/A, 10135 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2080-0836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raimondo","family":"Gaglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2022.104634","article-title":"Tackling nutritional and health claims to disentangle their effects on consumer food choices and behaviour: A systematic review","volume":"101","author":"Ballco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Qual. 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