{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:32:32Z","timestamp":1760059952596,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-based therapies are the cause of 20\u201330% cases of gastric lesions in chronic users worldwide. Co-medication with omeprazole (OMP) is the most commonly used option to prevent these lesions, although this carries risks of its own; thus, alternatives are being explored, such as dietary antioxidant therapies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on ibuprofen (IBP)-induced gastric ulcers in a rat model. Quinoa cookies were formulated with heat-treated quinoa using microwave radiation. The intestinal bioaccessibility of phenols and flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity of microwaved quinoa cookies (MQCs) were notably higher than quinoa cookies without thermal treatment (RQCs): 132% TPC, 52% TFC, 1564% TEAC vs. 67% TPC, 24% TFC, and 958% TEAC, respectively. Basal diets were supplemented with MQCs (20%) and quercetin (Q, 0.20%) as a reference flavonoid and administered for 30 days. Gastric lesions were induced by intragastric IBP doses, with OMP treatment as a positive control. Gastric damage index (macroscopic study), histological score (microscopic study), and plasma antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and CAT) were evaluated. Macroscopic results showed that the addition of MQCs, Q, and OMP decreased the gastric damage index (GDI) by 50%, 40%, and 3%, respectively, as compared to IBP (GDI 100%). Histological analyses showed neutrophil infiltration and congested blood vessels in IBP-treated tissues; in contrast, the experimental diet groups showed lower infiltration for MQC &gt; OMP &gt; Q, respectively. A significant increase in SOD and CAT enzyme activity was observed in the MQC and Q groups as compared to the IBP group. We conclude that a reduction in the GDI and histological score was observed in IBP-induced murine models fed diets containing 20% MQC and 0.20% Q, demonstrating a preventive gastroprotective effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14070893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T11:44:05Z","timestamp":1753098245000},"page":"893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Gastroprotective Effect of a Functional Food Based on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and Quercetin in a Murine Model of Ibuprofen-Induced Gastric Damage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6474-3167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maribel","family":"Valenzuela-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales Col. Centro. A.P., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"C\u00e1rdenas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales Col. Centro. A.P., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Burgos-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales Col. Centro. A.P., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-3455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norma Julieta","family":"Salazar-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina de Mexicali, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sangin\u00e9s S\/N, Centro C\u00edvico, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Viuda-Martos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPOA Research Group, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (CIAGRO-UMH), Ctra. Beniel Km 3.1, 03312 Orihuela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5559-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica A.","family":"Villegas-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas, No. 46, Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2346-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Coronilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina de Mexicali, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sangin\u00e9s S\/N, Centro C\u00edvico, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6220-1623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Abraham","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SECIHTI-Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas, No. 46, Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0621-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shela","family":"Gorinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas, No. 46, Colonia La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario Maribel","family":"Robles-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales Col. Centro. A.P., Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kolgazi, M., Cilingir, S., Yilmaz, O., Gemici, M., Yazar, H., Ozer, S., Elmas, M., Arbak, S., and Suyen, G.G. (2021). Caffeic acid attenuates gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol in rats via nitric oxide modulation. Chem.-Biol. Interact., 334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109351"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.12208","article-title":"The protective effect of quinoa on the gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Sci. 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