{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:15:06Z","timestamp":1790997306683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISU Startup Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The progression of inflammation during sepsis represents a multifaceted biological cascade that requires effective therapeutic interventions to improve survival. In septic neonatal foals, oxidative stress (OS) arises due to a compromised antioxidant defense system. Oxidative stress may disrupt the functionality of redox-sensitive organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Endoplasmic reticulum stress disorder affects multiple cellular signaling pathways, including redox balance, inflammation, and apoptosis, and contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis. The study aimed to elucidate whether OS conditions in sepsis influenced gene expression associated with ER stress. Blood samples were collected from 7 healthy and 21 hospitalized neonatal foals and processed for RNA extraction. RNA sequencing was employed to identify ER stress-responsive genes. Novel findings reported here indicate activation of the ER stress pathway in foals with sepsis. Several genes associated with ER stress, such as clusterin (CLU), BCL2-like 1 (BCL2L1), ubiquitin specific peptidase 14 (USP14), bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), were upregulated and positively correlated with sepsis scores and negatively correlated with the combined activities of antioxidant enzymes. In contrast, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), homocysteine inducible ER protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERPUD1), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and selenoprotein S (SELENOS) were negatively correlated with sepsis scores and were downregulated in sepsis and positively correlated with the combined activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between cAMP responsive element binding protein 3 like 2 (CREB3L2) and BCL2L1, as well as between the expressions of USP14 and YOD1 deubiquitinase (YOD1) in sepsis. Similarly, the expression levels of XBP1 and Herpud1 demonstrated a positive correlation with each other in sepsis. Additionally, the downregulation of genes with protective function against OS, such as XBP1, HERPUD1, and SELENOS, in septic foals also highlights their significance in mitigating OS in sepsis treatment. The study reported here highlights the potential of ER stress as a promising therapeutic target and prognostic marker in septic foals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14081024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1755787564000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Genes in Septic Neonatal Foals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipak Kumar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-6578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biswaranjan","family":"Paital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca E.","family":"Ruby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4612-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, March 18). 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