{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:54:33Z","timestamp":1789426473436,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-41-G06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G06"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2021 YFD1300404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 YFD1300404"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2023 A04 J0794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 A04 J0794"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["R2023 PY-QY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2023 PY-QY012"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["2022 GZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 GZ01"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["CARS-41-G06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G06"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["2021 YFD1300404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 YFD1300404"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["2023 A04 J0794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 A04 J0794"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["R2023 PY-QY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2023 PY-QY012"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"]}]},{"name":"the National Key R&amp;D Project","award":["2022 GZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 GZ01"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["CARS-41-G06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G06"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["2021 YFD1300404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 YFD1300404"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["2023 A04 J0794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 A04 J0794"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["R2023 PY-QY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2023 PY-QY012"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"]}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Applied Basic Research Program","award":["2022 GZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 GZ01"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["CARS-41-G06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-41-G06"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["2021 YFD1300404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021 YFD1300404"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["2023 A04 J0794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 A04 J0794"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["R2023 PY-QY012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2023 PY-QY012"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2021 YJ-YB3012"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Scientific Innovation Strategy\u2014Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science","award":["2022 GZ01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022 GZ01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carnosic acid (CA), a natural phenolic terpenoid compound, is widely distributed in plants such as sage and rosemary, and exhibits a strong antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of CA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of yellow-feathered broilers, and then to determine the optimal dose of CA to promote sustainable broiler production. A total of 384 1-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly allocated into six treatment groups with eight replicates per group and eight birds per replicate pen. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet and the CA treated groups (CA5, CA10, CA20, CA40, and CA80) were fed diets given different doses of CA (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg\/kg), respectively, for 53 days (1~21 d and 22~53 d). The results showed that, in the later stages of the experiment, supplementation with 10, 20, and 40 mg\/kg of CA increased (p &lt; 0.05) the final body weight and average daily gain. Morphometric analyses of the jejunum showed that supplementation of CA increased (p &lt; 0.05) the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V\/C). Antioxidant indices revealed that CA significantly reduced MDA levels in plasma, liver, and jejunum, while enhancing activities of GSH-Px, T-SOD, and T-AOC (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, CA upregulated hepatic Nrf2, HO-1, GSH-Px, and GSR expression via downregulated Keap1. The analysis of intestinal microbiota showed that CA increased (p &lt; 0.05) microbial \u03b1 diversity (Ace, Chao, and Sobs indices) and increased (p &lt; 0.05) beneficial bacteria, such as Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium. In conclusion, CA improves growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health, and gut microbial diversity in broilers. Under the conditions of this experiment, quadratic regressions for different variables showed that the optimal range for supplemental CA in chicken\u2019s diet was 19.11~76.85 mg\/kg. Combined with experimental observation and regression analysis, the optimal level of supplementation was 40 mg\/kg.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14081026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:46:04Z","timestamp":1755787564000},"page":"1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary Carnosic Acid Supplementation Improves the Growth Performance, the Antioxidant Status, and Diversity of Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyuan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouqun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2024.104551","article-title":"Perspectives on cultured meat in countries with economies dependent on animal production: A review of potential challenges and opportunities","volume":"149","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. 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