{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:25:57Z","timestamp":1789179957859,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Assignment of IBCP RAS","award":["001201253314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001201253314"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The structures of the developing eye may be damaged as a result of the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) interacting with different cellular components. The antioxidant molecules found in the eye, especially in the vitreous body\u2014the largest component of the eye, playing a crucial role in the formation of structures and functions of the developing eye\u2014provide protection to the eye tissues from ROS. This review considers various antioxidant molecules (ascorbic acid, lutein, bilirubin, uric acid, catecholamines, erythropoietin, albumin, and alpha-fetoprotein) that have been found in the human vitreous body during the early stages of pregnancy (10\u201331 weeks of gestation) and their functions in the development of the eye. The presence of some molecules is transient (lutein, AFP), whereas a temporal decrease (albumin, bilirubin) or increase (ascorbic acid, erythropoietin) in the concentrations of other antioxidants is observed. Since the actual overall content of antioxidants in the developing vitreous body is probably much higher than that found to date, further research is needed to study antioxidants there. It is especially important to study the antioxidant status of the vitreous body at the earliest stages of its development. Antioxidants found suggest their use for the prophylactic of ocular diseases during pregnancy and finding new antioxidants could create an additional opportunity in this regard.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:09:32Z","timestamp":1756080572000},"page":"1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antioxidant Molecules in the Human Vitreous Body During Prenatal Eye Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ina G.","family":"Panova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Scientific and Practical Center of Tissue Proliferation, 14\/19 Prechistenka St., Moscow 119034, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tural","family":"Galbinur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Azerbaijan Medical University, 163 Samad Vurgun Street, Baku AZ1022, Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2515-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Tatikolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St., Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00413534","article-title":"Cytological studies on the developing vitreous as related to the hyaloid vessel system","volume":"213","author":"Balazs","year":"1980","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Opthalmol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(99)00016-6","article-title":"Structural macromolecules and supramolecular organization of the vitreous gel","volume":"19","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Retin. Eye. 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