{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:12:14Z","timestamp":1790097134967,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANID (Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo)","award":["11251606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11251606"]}]},{"name":"ANID (Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo)","award":["1211850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1211850"]}]},{"name":"ANID (Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo)","award":["11181329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11181329"]}]},{"name":"University of Chile","award":["11251606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11251606"]}]},{"name":"University of Chile","award":["1211850"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1211850"]}]},{"name":"University of Chile","award":["11181329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11181329"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Computed tomography (CT) is fundamental to modern medicine, yet ionizing radiation (IR) exposure causes DNA damage. Although often underestimated, at current doses, CT may account for ~5% of new cancer diagnoses. Complementary radioprotective approaches beyond dose reduction are needed. We conducted a prospective observational study to characterize IR-induced oxidative stress (OS)-mediated DNA damage in modern CT to explore potential antioxidant-based radioprotective strategies. In volunteers not exposed to IR (ANONE) and in patients with two-phase abdominal\u2013pelvis CT (BEXPOSURE), blood samples were collected at TBASE-min 0 and TPOST-min 60 to measure biomarkers of OS (oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity) and DNA damage. Thirty-five subjects (n = 17 ANONE\/18 BEXPOSURE) were studied. Body mass index and DNA damage in TBASE were comparable between groups. In ANONE, biomarkers of OS and DNA damage did not change between TBASE and TPOST (p &gt; 0.05 for all). In BEXPOSURE, DNA damage was significantly increased [15% (\u221215\u201360); p &lt; 0.001], which was associated with consistent increased antioxidant enzyme activity [p &lt; 0.05 for all antioxidant enzymes]. In modern CT with relatively low effective dose (ED) levels, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed along with increased antioxidant enzyme activity as defensive response and marker of OS-mediated damage-mediating mechanisms. These findings warrant interventional studies to evaluate antioxidant-based radioprotective strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1756983337000},"page":"1085","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage Induced by Ionizing Radiation in Modern Computed Tomography: Evidence for Antioxidant-Based Radioprotective Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6750-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baltasar","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2505-6862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"G\u00f3mez-Cayup\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Aranis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperanza","family":"Garc\u00eda Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Coghlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda-Jos\u00e9","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6122-1688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Gelerstein Claro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"De Grazia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4989-8547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4556-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prisco","family":"Piscitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Health Sciences, Pegaso University, Piazza Trieste e Trento 48, 80132 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5802-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia","family":"Manterola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1724-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6835-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo G.","family":"Sotomayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Carlos Lorca 999, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Nephrotoxicity, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Santiago 8380453, Chile"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, San Sebasti\u00e1n University, Campus Los Leones, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago 7510157, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Akram, S., and Chowdhury, Y.S. 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