{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:02:25Z","timestamp":1789344145448,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Banana (Musa cavendish) peel, usually discarded as waste, is a polyphenol-rich source with antioxidant and chelating properties. This study evaluated its ability to mitigate ovarian toxicity induced by a heavy metal mixture (HMM) consisting of Hg, Mn, Pb, and Al in female rats. Animals received the HMM with or without banana peel extract at 200, 400, and 800 mg\/kg dosages for 60 days. Co-treatment dose-dependently reduced ovarian metal accumulation, attenuated oxidative and nitrosative stress (MDA, NO), restored antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx), and modulated pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1), apoptotic (Caspase-3), and transcriptional factors (NF-\u03baB, Nrf2). The gonadal endocrine profile also improved gonadotropins (FSH, LH), prolactin (PRL), and progesterone (P), which were normalized at the medium dose (400 mg\/kg), and demonstrated a clear dose-related effect. Histological examination further revealed that this dose most effectively improved ovarian tissue. GC\u2013MS analysis identified bioactive compounds including resveratrol, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanidins, supporting both antioxidant and chelating actions. These findings demonstrate that banana peel extract exerts a dual, dose-dependent protective role in the gonad, limiting metal burden while enhancing redox defenses, and highlight its translational potential as a sustainable agro-food waste product in reproductive toxicology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14091129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:24:25Z","timestamp":1758198265000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ovary Metal Toxicity Remediation by Agro-Food Waste: Evidence for a Regulatory Mechanism of Oxidative Stress by Banana (Musa cavendish) Peel Extract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Boma F.","family":"Eddie-Amadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"African Centre of Excellence for Oilfield Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba 500102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9358-1657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rubina","family":"Vangone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Endocrinology Laboratory (EC<i>lab<\/i>), Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Guerretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Endocrinology Laboratory (EC<i>lab<\/i>), Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison A.","family":"Ozoani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba 500102, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Enugu State, University of Science & Technology, 042, Enugu 400001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth O.","family":"Okolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Enugu State, University of Science & Technology, 042, Enugu 400001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dokubo","family":"Awolayeofori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Diobu 500264, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7669-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamuno-Boma","family":"Odinga-Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Diobu 500264, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kpobari W.","family":"Nkpaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research, University of Port Harcourt, Choba 500102, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emidio M.","family":"Sivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Endocrinology Laboratory (EC<i>lab<\/i>), Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5806-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orish E.","family":"Orisakwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Research Centre, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10, Mersin 99780, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5018-072X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Endocrinology Laboratory (EC<i>lab<\/i>), Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center for the Environment (IRCEnv, CIRAm), Via Tarsia 31, 80135 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","article-title":"Heavy metals: Toxicity and human health effects","volume":"99","author":"Jomova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch. 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