{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:13:57Z","timestamp":1774268037875,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of natural palygorskite (N-pal), bundle-dissociated palygorskite (D-pal), and zinc-bearing palygorskite (Zn-pal), as well as their effects on the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Palygorskite (Pal) and its derivatives exhibited hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposition and hydroxyl radical (\u00b7OH) scavenging abilities, with D-pal and Zn-pal demonstrating superior performance. A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, N-pal, D-pal and Zn-pal groups. The corn\u2013soybean meal basal diet was supplemented with N-pal (10 g\/kg), D-pal (5 g\/kg) and Zn-pal (1 g\/kg) for the respective treatment groups. The trial lasted for 42 days. At 21 days, D-pal and Zn-pal groups significantly increased average body weight and average daily weight gain while reducing the feed-to-gain ratio (p &lt; 0.05). Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver of broilers were significantly reduced, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) gene expression was upregulated at 21 days (p &lt; 0.05). N-pal and D-pal groups enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the duodenum (21d); D-pal group increased SOD activity in the ileum (42d); all Pal groups decreased ileal jejunal mucosal ROS (21d) and MDA (42d) (p &lt; 0.05). At 42 days, Pal supplementation downregulated oxidative stress (N-pal), oxidoreductase activity (D-pal), and H2O2 response (Zn-pal) pathways in jejunal mucosa. N-pal and D-pal groups upregulated ileal mucosal nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 1 expression, while Zn-pal group increased HO-1 expression (21d). D-pal and Zn-pal groups enhanced jejunal mucosal Nrf2 and HO-1 expression (21d). Pal improved the antioxidant capacity in broilers by activating the Nrf2-mediated pathway, upregulating antioxidant-related gene expression, particularly at 21 days. Both D-pal and Zn-pal demonstrated potent antioxidant efficacy, and they can improve growth performance by enhancing the animal\u2019s antioxidant capacity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:00:32Z","timestamp":1759132832000},"page":"1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Antioxidant Function of Palygorskite and Its Derivatives In Vitro and for Broilers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Tie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengjia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiding","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9316-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jibo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2025.2506399","article-title":"Influence of functional nutrients on poultry performance and health by reducing stress response under environmental stress","volume":"81","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Poult. 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