{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:37:17Z","timestamp":1790361437705,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Proyecto Canon Minero","award":["0262-2021\/UNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0262-2021\/UNT"]}]},{"name":"Proyecto Canon Minero","award":["VRIIP0056-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRIIP0056-21"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Interno VRII-UNAP","award":["0262-2021\/UNT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0262-2021\/UNT"]}]},{"name":"Fondo Interno VRII-UNAP","award":["VRIIP0056-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VRIIP0056-21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lepidium meyenii Walp. (black maca, BM) is a traditional Andean crop increasingly studied for its bioactive potential. This work characterized the phytochemical profile and evaluated the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and neuroprotective properties of a lyophilized aqueous extract of BM hypocotyls. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS\/MS identified twelve major compounds, including macamides, imidazole alkaloids, sterols, and fatty acid amides. BM showed a moderate total phenolic content but strong electron transfer-based antioxidant activity in CUPRAC and FRAP assays, together with moderate radical scavenging capacity in ABTS and DPPH systems. In ovariectomized rats, BM significantly reduced brain malondialdehyde levels, mitigated oxidative stress, and improved spatial learning during acquisition in the Morris water maze, confirming its neuroprotective effect. Antinociceptive assays (hot plate, cold plate, and tail immersion) further revealed a rapid but transient increase in nociceptive thresholds. This study provides experimental evidence supporting the analgesic effect of black maca. Molecular docking highlighted lepidiline B and campesterol as key metabolites with strong interactions with redox enzymes, the \u03bc-opioid receptor, and the FAAH enzyme, supporting their role in the observed bioactivities. ADMET predictions indicated favorable oral bioavailability, CNS penetration, systemic clearance, and acceptable safety profiles. These results substantiate the role of black maca as a neuroprotective nutraceutical and highlight its promise as a novel source of rapidly acting natural analgesic compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14101214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:51:13Z","timestamp":1759935073000},"page":"1214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, and Antinociceptive Effects of Peruvian Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-0654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n M.","family":"Quispe-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Estudios de Compuestos Naturales y Sint\u00e9ticos con Actividad a Nivel Sistema Nervioso Central y Musculo Liso, Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-7957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto O.","family":"Yba\u00f1ez-Julca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Estudios de Compuestos Naturales y Sint\u00e9ticos con Actividad a Nivel Sistema Nervioso Central y Musculo Liso, Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Asunci\u00f3n-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Estudios de Compuestos Naturales y Sint\u00e9ticos con Actividad a Nivel Sistema Nervioso Central y Musculo Liso, Laboratorio de Farmacolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9839-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinthya","family":"Enriquez-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Doctorado en Qu\u00edmica Medicinal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Polo-Bardales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Jara-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmundo A.","family":"Venegas-Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo D. 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