{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:57:00Z","timestamp":1777445820001,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-23-00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-23-00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-75-30008-P"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-75-30008-P"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) therapy is challenged by the multifactorial nature of neurodegeneration, necessitating an approach combining dopamine replenishment and combating oxidative stress. This study characterizes the neuroprotective potential of MQPD, a novel hybrid molecule containing dopamine with a quinone fragment structurally analogous to coenzyme Q. We evaluated MQPD\u2019s antioxidant capacity in vitro using DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays, its neuroprotective efficacy against mitochondrial toxins (rotenone, paraquat) in neuronal cultures, and its ability to modulate striatal dopamine levels in mice. MQPD demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, reduced reactive oxygen species, and was more effective than dopamine or L-DOPA in mitigating toxin-induced cell death. While MQPD itself showed low brain bioavailability, its administration resulted in a sustained increase in striatal dopamine levels for up to four days. The results indicate that MQPD is a potent neuroprotective agent whose effects are likely mediated by direct antioxidant activity and a long-acting mechanism that stabilizes tissue dopamine levels, offering a promising alternative to current therapies for PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14121416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:25:16Z","timestamp":1764239116000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["MQPD: An Antioxidant Quinone\u2013Dopamine Hybrid Which Induces Sustained Brain Dopamine Elevation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1129-6033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Kulikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1317-7508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Adaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"N. 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Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0546-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yulia","family":"Timoshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6888-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Abaimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9241-1338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Muzychuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxim","family":"Nesterov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioanalytical Laboratory, Scientific Center of Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Svetlye Gory Village, Moscow Region, 143442 Krasnogorsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5688-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Lopachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rogneda","family":"Kazanskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russian Center of Neurology and Neurosciences, 125367 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8564-1725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Demchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Semenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N. D. 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