{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:05:54Z","timestamp":1792026354505,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 114-2321-B-038-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2321-B-038-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic exposure to short-wavelength blue light induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in retinal tissues, contributing to vision loss. This study investigated the protective effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Y7, a human-derived probiotic, against blue light\u2013induced retinal damage in mice. Male C57BL\/6 mice were exposed to 400 lux blue light for 35 days and received either low- or high-dose Y7, lutein, or no intervention. Retinal morphology, inflammatory gene expression, gut barrier integrity, and gut microbiota composition were assessed. Low-dose Y7 promoted microbial diversity and enrichment of short-chain fatty acid\u2013producing taxa, while high-dose Y7 favored enrichment of Akkermansia, Parasutterella, and Bacteroides, enhancing mucosal barrier function and metabolic regulation. Both doses attenuated retinal inflammation, preserved retinal layers, and improved gut barrier integrity, with high-dose Y7 matching or exceeding lutein\u2019s protective effects. Mechanistic insights suggest a gut\u2013retina axis whereby microbial metabolites modulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular homeostasis. These findings highlight L. reuteri Y7 as a potential non-invasive strategy for retinal degeneration prevention, with efficacy comparable to dietary antioxidants. Future studies should explore long-term safety, metabolite-mediated mechanisms, and comparative efficacy with other antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14121428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1764261112000},"page":"1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Y7 Protects Against Blue Light\u2013Induced Retinal Degeneration via Antioxidant Defense, Anti-Inflammatory Action, and Gut\u2013Retina Axis Modulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-1117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Ping","family":"Tsao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tu-Hsueh","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"International Master\/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3771-7155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"},{"name":"Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8700-583X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Hsu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsuan","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70145-1","article-title":"Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. 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