{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:59:11Z","timestamp":1792511951510,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Redox unbalance, a molecular trait common to neurodegenerative conditions and para-physiological processes like aging, is a critical factor in disease development and in exacerbating progression. The mechanism by which redox imbalance perturbs cellular homeostasis is strongly linked to the activity and function of the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system (UPS). The UPS, along with autophagy, is the primary intracellular proteolytic system, regulating targeted proteolysis and removing damaged proteins. Consequently, the UPS serves also as the first line of defense for cellular recovery following exposure to redox stressors. Paradoxically, the composition and function of the UPS can also be negatively targeted by redox unbalance through a vicious cycle. The alterations in redox balance and UPS biological mechanisms are involved in the etiopathogenesis of chronic eye disorders. These disorders encompass a diverse repertoire of pathologies affecting the retinal layers (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy) and the optic nerve (e.g., glaucoma). Nowadays, the comprehension of the interplay between proteostasis and oxidative redox status remains pivotal for identifying new therapeutic approaches. Encouragingly, a number of anti-oxidant compounds have been reported to modulate proteasome activity against redox insults in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these compounds provide cytoprotective roles in both in vitro and animal models of eye diseases. Therefore, this review highlights recent research on the interplay of the UPS with oxidative stress in physio-pathological conditions, focusing on the onset and progression of ocular diseases, thereby providing new insights into UPS-oxidative stress interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14121475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T14:49:01Z","timestamp":1765291741000},"page":"1475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Interplay Between the Ubiquitin\u2013Proteasome System and Oxidative Stress: A Future Perspective in Eye Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3866-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia Raffaella","family":"Tundo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele Antonio","family":"Zingale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Pandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e8, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 95000 Cergy Pointoise, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e8 Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400 Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Sbardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Bocedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hajam, Y.A., Rani, R., Ganie, S.Y., Sheikh, T.A., Javaid, D., Qadri, S.S., Pramodh, S., Alsulimani, A., Alkhanani, M.F., and Harakeh, S. 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