{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:32:28Z","timestamp":1791325948365,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010731","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC014\/2565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC014\/2565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["N42A670732"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N42A670732"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation and a depletion of intracellular antioxidants are hallmarks of ferroptosis, a controlled iron-dependent form of cell death. Iron chelators and radical scavengers can stop it, while erastin or iron overload can cause it. The main catechin in green tea extract (GTE), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has iron-chelating and antioxidant activities. Herein, we investigated the effects of EGCG-rich GTE on ferroptosis in iron-loaded hepatocytes. The contents of EGCG, total phenolics (TPC), and flavonoids (TFC), as well as ABTS\u2022+-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity, were determined. Human hepatoma (Huh7) cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to induce ferroptosis and were co-treated with various concentrations of GTE. Labile iron pool (LIP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), LPO, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) activity were then measured in the cells. One gram of GTE contained 26 mg of EGCG, with a TPC of 172.2 mg gallic acid equivalents and a TFC of 32.9 mg quercetin equivalents. GTE displayed concentration-dependent ABTS\u2022+-scavenging activity (IC50 = 1.03 mg) that was equivalent to 0.29 mg of Trolox, reporting a Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 0.29 mg. High-dose GTE (&gt;100 \u00b5M EGCG equivalent) reduced cell viability below 80% (p &lt; 0.05). Intracellular LIP, ROS, and LPO levels were markedly elevated, whereas GSH and GPX-4 activity levels were decreased (p &lt; 0.05) in iron-loaded Huh7 cells. GTE treatment mitigated these alterations in a dose-dependent manner (p &lt; 0.05). These cell-based in vitro findings indicate that EGCG-rich GTE can attenuate ferroptosis-associated oxidative stress in hepatocytes under iron-loading conditions. GTE may serve as a potential dietary antioxidant candidate; further mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments are required to determine its physiological relevance and translational applicability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14121483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T16:11:18Z","timestamp":1765383078000},"page":"1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Green Tea Catechins Mitigate Hepatocyte Ferroptosis Through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress and Improvement of Antioxidant Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6119-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pimpisid","family":"Koonyosying","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0068-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wit","family":"Tharanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavee","family":"Pairojthanachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanisa","family":"Samakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kornkan","family":"Meejak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narisara","family":"Paradee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onsaya","family":"Kerdto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suphatta","family":"Yubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"},{"name":"School of Medical Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somdet","family":"Srichairatanakool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/03630260600642666","article-title":"Iron-chelating and free-radical scavenging activities of microwave-processed green tea in iron overload","volume":"30","author":"Srichairatanakool","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, N., and Mukhtar, H. 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