{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:48:36Z","timestamp":1789678116335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee silverskin (CS) is an abundant leftover of the coffee roasting process known to contain significant concentrations of bioactive molecules, including polyphenols and flavonoids, with established antioxidant properties and potential applications in nutraceutical and functional-food formulations. This study systematically optimized extraction conditions to maximize the recovery of phenolics and antioxidants from CS by evaluating the effects of solvent type, temperature, and sonication time. Ethanol extraction at 20 \u00b0C for 30 min yielded the most enriched polyphenolic fraction, with the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity across 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Comprehensive chemical characterization via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified key phenolics (chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, quercetin), alongside abundant caffeine, tocopherols, and phytosterols. The biological relevance of the optimized extract was assessed for the first time in RT4-D6P2T Schwann-like cells, demonstrating significant cytoprotective and antioxidant effects against H2O2- and lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, thereby establishing a previously unreported neuroprotective potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15020172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T15:04:46Z","timestamp":1769612686000},"page":"172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Coffee Silverskin Extracts: Insights from HPLC and GC-MS Analyses and Protective Effect in Schwann-like Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-4323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Damato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of General and Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7601-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Schipa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of General and Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5551-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debora","family":"Musar\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of General and Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Anzilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quarta Caff\u00e8 S.p.a., Zona Industriale, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6951-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Corbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy\u2013Drug Sciences, University of Bari, E. Quagliarello University Campus, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Quarta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quarta Caff\u00e8 S.p.a., Zona Industriale, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0665-4534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Maffia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of General and Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNR Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Health and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, Y.G., Cho, E.J., Maskey, S., Nguyen, D.T., and Bae, H.J. 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