{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:12:52Z","timestamp":1781003572254,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32473107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Chronic inflammation is considered an important pathological basis underlying the development and progression of multiple metabolic liver diseases; although hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has shown beneficial effects in acute inflammation, its long-term impact on chronic hepatic inflammation remains unclear. (2) Methods: Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were pretreated with HRW for 8 months, after which a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of chronic hepatic inflammation was established, with continuous HRW administration throughout the experimental period. (3) Results: Long-term HRW consumption significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammatory cell infiltration in liver tissue, suppressed the abnormal elevation of pro-inflammatory factors, and maintained relatively stable expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors. In addition, HRW attenuated pro-apoptotic signaling associated with the death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (including Bax, Cyt c, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, Caspase-12, CHOP, and GRP78), while preserving the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, thereby partially preventing the tendency toward hepatocyte apoptosis induced by chronic inflammation. (4) Conclusions: Long-term consumption of HRW may delay the onset and progression of chronic inflammation-related liver injury by alleviating inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic activity, thus exerting a preventive protective effect on the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15020260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T11:45:58Z","timestamp":1771415158000},"page":"260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-Term Consumption of Hydrogen-Rich Water Mitigates Oxidative Stress, Hepatic Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats with LPS-Induced Chronic Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxuan","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0164-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiantao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.034","article-title":"The exposome and liver disease\u2014How environmental factors affect liver health","volume":"79","author":"Barouki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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