{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1771844513159,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Aging through KU ADRC","award":["P30 AG072973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AG072973"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Clusterin is a chaperon protein that is involved in many physiological processes, including binding to beta-amyloid (A\u03b2). Recently, we showed that in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) model mice and human postmortem brains, there are elevated levels of methionine-oxidized clusterin in the disease state versus controls. These observations prompted us to investigate the possibility that elevated methionine-oxidized levels of clusterin in human blood plasma correlate with clinical diagnosis of both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD stages. To achieve this goal, we have used a combination of Elisa kits for determining the total level of clusterin and methionine-oxidized clusterin in human blood plasma, enabling the quantification of a methionine-oxidized clusterin to total clusterin ratio. This ratio was correlated with the diagnostics of three groups of patients (normal controls (NL), MCI, and AD; with n = 44 per group). Accordingly, it was determined that there was a significant increase in the relative methionine-oxidized clusterin level in the MCI and AD groups compared to the controls. In conclusion, it is suggested that increased levels of methionine-oxidized clusterin in human blood plasma may serve as a potential marker for MCI and AD diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15020269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T10:00:52Z","timestamp":1771840852000},"page":"269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Blood Plasma Levels of Methionine-Oxidized Clusterin Correlate with a Shift from Normal to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Stages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3269-8542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina H.","family":"Tbaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7694-8074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackob","family":"Moskovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6958","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.689539","article-title":"Clusterin Binds to A\u03b21-42 Oligomers with High Affinity and Interferes with Peptide Aggregation by Inhibiting Primary and Secondary Nucleation","volume":"291","author":"Beeg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7986com","article-title":"The extracellular chaperone clusterin influences amyloid formation and toxicity by interacting with prefibrillar structures","volume":"21","author":"Yerbury","year":"2007","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretti, D.V. (2016). Clusterin (APOJ) in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: An old molecule with a new role. Update on Dementia, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/61983"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137874","article-title":"Methionine oxidation of clusterin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its effect on clusterin\u2019s binding to beta-amyloid","volume":"836","author":"Smith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2009.01.020","article-title":"Detection of oxidized methionine in selected proteins, cellular extracts and blood serums by novel anti-methionine sulfoxide antibodies","volume":"485","author":"Oien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, A.S., Gossman, K.R., Dykstra, B., Gao, F.P., and Moskovitz, J. (2022). Protective Effects against the Development of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease in an Animal Model through Active Immunization with Methionine-Sulfoxide Rich Protein Antigen. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11040775"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02869-z","article-title":"Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests","volume":"30","author":"Schindler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2619","article-title":"Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 and A\u03b242\/40 to Predict Early Brain A\u03b2 Accumulation in People Without Cognitive Impairment","volume":"81","author":"Janelidze","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14458","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14458","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of phosphorylated tau217 in detecting Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology among cognitively impaired and unimpaired: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Khalafi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"103","article-title":"Plasma clusterin levels and risk of dementia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and stroke","volume":"3","author":"Weinstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Diagn. Assess. Dis. Monit."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/2\/269\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T10:15:13Z","timestamp":1771841713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/2\/269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15020269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15020269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]]}}}