{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T17:11:29Z","timestamp":1772212289365,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bezos Earth Foundation","award":["A-8003360-14-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-8003360-14-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Antioxidant supplements have been reported to confer benefits for skin health; however, these effects remain inconclusive and lack systematic evaluation. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of antioxidant-rich whole foods or supplements on various skin health outcomes by compiling data from five databases, including 94 eligible preclinical and clinical studies. Results: The intervention improved overall skin health in preclinical studies, as evidenced by increased skin hydration (Hedges\u2019 g = 1.75, 95% CI [1.31; 2.20]) and hyaluronic acid, decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) (Hedges\u2019 g = \u22122.15, 95% CI [\u22123.17; \u22121.13]), epidermal thickness (Hedges\u2019 g = \u22122.59, 95% CI [\u22123.28; \u22121.89]), wrinkle formation, and dermatitis scores, alongside changes in inflammatory cytokines and Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. As for clinical studies, the intervention increased skin hydration (MD = 2.12, 95% CI [1.02; 3.21]) while decreased TEWL (MD = \u22120.68, 95% CI [\u22121.21; \u22120.16]). Additionally, changes in skin density, epidermal thickness, minimal erythema dose (MED), SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and the Dermatitis Life Quality Index (DLQI) further support overall improvements for skin health. Conclusions: Antioxidant-rich whole foods or supplements intake improved overall skin health and skin disorder conditions. The magnitude of benefit may vary according to the type of antioxidant and the duration of intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15030301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:52:38Z","timestamp":1772207558000},"page":"301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Antioxidant-Rich Whole Foods or Supplements on Skin Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9766-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3912-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore"},{"name":"Bezos Centre for Sustainable Protein, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Basic physiology of the skin","volume":"28","author":"Venus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15852","article-title":"Alterations in mental health and quality of life in patients with skin disorders: A narrative review","volume":"61","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.01.027","article-title":"Understanding the odd science of aging","volume":"120","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-961807","article-title":"Sexual hormones in human skin","volume":"39","author":"Zouboulis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4000","article-title":"Cellular senescence in aging and age-related disease: From mechanisms to therapy","volume":"21","author":"Childs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7417","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm681","article-title":"DNA damage, cellular senescence and organismal ageing: Causal or correlative?","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.09.004","article-title":"Advanced glycation endproducts\u2014Role in pathology of diabetic complications","volume":"67","author":"Ahmed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.22372","article-title":"Genetics and skin aging","volume":"4","author":"Makrantonaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Derm.-Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200910020-00001","article-title":"Clinical implications of aging skin: Cutaneous disorders in the elderly","volume":"10","author":"Farage","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13250","article-title":"Recognizing the impact of ambient air pollution on skin health","volume":"29","author":"Mancebo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"46","article-title":"Diet and dermatology: The role of dietary intervention in skin disease","volume":"7","author":"Katta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721469","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2721469","article-title":"Oxidative stress in atopic dermatitis","volume":"2016","author":"Ji","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2016.1162301","article-title":"Oxidative stress in psoriasis and potential therapeutic use of antioxidants","volume":"50","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03505.x","article-title":"Oxidative stress in acne vulgaris","volume":"24","author":"Sarici","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2013.782450","article-title":"Investigations of antioxidant-mediated protection and mitigation of radiation-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in murine skin","volume":"89","author":"Jelveh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S111999","article-title":"Reduction of facial wrinkles by hydrolyzed water-soluble egg membrane associated with reduction of free radical stress and support of matrix production by dermal fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1089\/15230860260220175","article-title":"Oxidative stress and its role in skin disease","volume":"4","author":"Trouba","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borgia, F., Li Pomi, F., Vaccaro, M., Alessandrello, C., Papa, V., and Gangemi, S. (2022). Oxidative stress and phototherapy in atopic dermatitis: Mechanisms, role, and future perspectives. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12121904"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilski, R., Kupczyk, D., and Wo\u017aniak, A. (2024). Oxidative Imbalance in Psoriasis with an Emphasis on Psoriatic Arthritis: Therapeutic Antioxidant Targets. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29225460"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Popa, G.L., Mitran, C.I., Mitran, M.I., Tampa, M., Matei, C., Popa, M.I., and Georgescu, S.R. (2023). Markers of oxidative stress in patients with acne: A literature review. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071433"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2016.05.011","article-title":"Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis","volume":"34","author":"Rodenbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.12.1323","article-title":"A mild topical steroid leads to progressive anti-inflammatory effects in the skin of patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"138","author":"Brunner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.017","article-title":"Management of inadequate response and adverse effects to dupilumab in atopic dermatitis","volume":"86","author":"Narla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.3.9364","article-title":"The use of isotretinoin in acne","volume":"1","author":"Layton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Derm.-Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117177","article-title":"The interplay between cytokines, inflammation, and antioxidants: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials of various antioxidants and anti-cytokine compounds","volume":"178","author":"Bhol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860479","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/860479","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in skin cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"2014","author":"Godic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.06.026","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant capacity and skin photoaging: A 15-year longitudinal study","volume":"141","author":"Hughes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.05.011","article-title":"Sodium L-ascorbate enhances elastic fibers deposition by fibroblasts from normal and pathologic human skin","volume":"75","author":"Hinek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589109514160","article-title":"The influence of topical and systemic vitamin E on ultraviolet light-induced skin damage in hairless mice","volume":"16","author":"Record","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2024.102641","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet-B radiation","volume":"203","author":"Harauma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000313542","article-title":"Beneficial effect of dietary epigallocatechin-3-gallate on skin via enhancement of antioxidant capacity in both blood and skin","volume":"23","author":"Jeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ski. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104265","article-title":"Dietary lutein supplementation protects against ultraviolet-radiation-induced erythema: Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"75","author":"Hristov","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ito, N., Seki, S., and Ueda, F. (2018). The Protective Role of Astaxanthin for UV-Induced Skin Deterioration in Healthy People\u2014A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070817"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08430.x","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in atopic eczema: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"158","author":"Koch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00679","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.679","article-title":"The impact of vitamin D supplementation as an adjuvant therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Mansour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res. Perspect."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1373735","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of monthly vitamin D supplementation in mild psoriasis","volume":"29","author":"Jarrett","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14620","article-title":"A new product of multi-plant extracts improved skin photoaging: An oral intake in vivo study","volume":"21","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16513","article-title":"Krill oil supplementation improves transepidermal water loss, hydration and elasticity of the skin in healthy adults: Results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding pilot studies","volume":"23","author":"Handeland","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rybak, I., Carrington, A.E., Dhaliwal, S., Hasan, A., Wu, H., Burney, W., Maloh, J., and Sivamani, R.K. (2021). Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Almonds on Facial Wrinkles and Pigmentation. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030785"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hooijmans, C.R., Rovers, M.M., De Vries, R.B., Leenaars, M., Ritskes-Hoitinga, M., and Langendam, M.W. (2014). SYRCLE\u2019s risk of bias tool for animal studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J. (2008). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Wiley-Blackwell. Available online: http:\/\/www.cochrane-handbook.org.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2023.K.0229","article-title":"Indian Gooseberry and Barley Sprout Complex Prevent Oxidative Stress and Photoaging of the Skin in Ultraviolet B-Irradiated SHK-I Mice","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geng, R., Kang, S.-G., Huang, K., and Tong, T. (2024). Dietary Isoeugenol Supplementation Attenuates Chronic UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging and Modulates Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16040481"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2024.06.002","article-title":"Upcycled canola meal extract mitigates UVB-induced skin wrinkling by regulating photoaging-related biomarkers in hairless mice","volume":"127","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Im, A.R., Park, I., Ji, K.-Y., Lee, J.Y., Kim, K.M., Na, M., and Chae, S. (2019). Protective effects of Oxya chinensis sinuosa Mishchenko against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in hairless mice. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2692-4"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.J., Im, A.R., Kim, S.-M., Kang, H.-S., Lee, J.D., and Chae, S. (2018). The flavonoid hesperidin exerts anti-photoaging effect by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression via mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent signaling pathways. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-2058-8"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.H., Seong, G.S., and Choung, S.Y. (2020). Fermented Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Alleviates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in NC\/Nga Mice Through Modulating Immune Balance and Skin Barrier Function. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010249"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H., Park, S.Y., and Chung, D.K. (2021). Effect of the oral administration of common evening primrose sprout (Oenothera biennis L.) extract on skin function improvement in uvb-irradiated hairless mice. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14030222"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461989","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/461989","article-title":"Mixture of polyphenols and anthocyanins from Vaccinium uliginosum L. Alleviates DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in NC\/Nga mice","volume":"2012","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13350","article-title":"Oral administration of -carotene or lycopene prevents atopic dermatitis-like dermatitis in HR-1 mice","volume":"43","author":"Hiragun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05320","article-title":"Anti-hyaluronidase Activity in Vitro and Amelioration of Mouse Experimental Dermatitis by Tomato Saponin, Esculeoside A","volume":"64","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"e61392","article-title":"Oral Intake of Linseed Oil Inhibits Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Obese Mice","volume":"16","author":"Horie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.08.060","article-title":"Effects of Thai Musa species on prevention of UVB-induced skin damage in mice","volume":"50","author":"Viyoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2023.28.4.418","article-title":"Wheat Ceramide Powder Mitigates Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Stress and Photoaging by Inhibiting Collagen Proteolysis and Promoting Collagen Synthesis in Hairless Mice","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prev. Nutr. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, S.J., Lee, M., Yun, J.M., Kim, D., Lee, J., and Lee, Y.H. (2021). Zingiber mioga Extract Improves Moisturization and Depigmentation of Skin and Reduces Wrinkle Formation in UVB-Irradiated HRM-2 Hairless Mice. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11030976"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2012.11.018","article-title":"Effects of amla extract and collagen peptide on UVB-induced photoaging in hairless mice","volume":"5","author":"Fujii","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e04218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e04218","article-title":"Dietary immature Citrus unshiu alleviates UVB- induced photoaging by suppressing degradation of basement membrane in hairless mice","volume":"6","author":"Tamaru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.12.006","article-title":"Conjugated linoleic acid and black currant seed oil in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A preliminary report","volume":"173","author":"Noli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2008.00670.x","article-title":"Efficacy of an essential fatty acid-enriched diet in managing canine atopic dermatitis: A randomized, single-blinded, cross-over study","volume":"19","author":"Bensignor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.15.405","article-title":"A blinded, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of borage seed oil and fish oil in the management of canine atopy","volume":"144","author":"Harvey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00238.x","article-title":"Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on canine atopic dermatitis","volume":"45","author":"Mueller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.-R., Jeong, D.-H., Kim, S., Lee, S.-W., Sin, H.-S., Yu, K.-Y., Jeong, S.-I., and Kim, S.-Y. (2019). Fermentation of Blackberry with L. plantarum JBMI F5 Enhance the Protection Effect on UVB-Mediated Photoaging in Human Foreskin Fibroblast and Hairless Mice through Regulation of MAPK\/NF-\u03baB Signaling. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102429"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12030","article-title":"Protective effect of mango (Mangifera indica L.) against UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice","volume":"29","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185716","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/185716","article-title":"In Vivo Antioxidant and Anti-Skin-Aging Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extraction from Idesia polycarpa Defatted Fruit Residue in Aging Mice Induced by D-Galactose","volume":"2014","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1159\/000330521","article-title":"An encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate increases skin microcirculation in healthy women","volume":"25","author":"Sies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12087","article-title":"Wrinkle reduction in post-menopausal women consuming a novel oral supplement: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study","volume":"36","author":"Jenkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000093118","article-title":"Antioxidant supplements improve parameters related to skin structure in humans","volume":"19","author":"Heinrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630801958238","article-title":"Supplementation with Eskimo Skin Care improves skin elasticity in women. A pilot study","volume":"19","author":"Segger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630410033772","article-title":"Supplementation with Evelle improves skin smoothness and elasticity in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 women","volume":"15","author":"Segger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2013.3060","article-title":"Supplementating with dietary astaxanthin combined with collagen hydrolysate improves facial elasticity and decreases matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -12 expression: A comparative study with placebo","volume":"17","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2017.1418512","article-title":"Protective effects of fermented honeybush (Cyclopia intermedia) extract (HU-018) against skin aging: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Laser Ther."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3212","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6495","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled pilot study on the effects of almond consumption on skin lipids and wrinkles","volume":"33","author":"Foolad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, L., Yang, K., Liang, Y., Zhu, Z., Yuan, Z., and Du, Z. (2022). Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides alleviate induced atopic dermatitis in mice by regulating immune response and gut microbiota. Front. Pharmacol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.944801"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1159\/000305548","article-title":"Differential effects of low-dose and high-dose beta-carotene supplementation on the signs of photoaging and type I procollagen gene expression in human skin in vivo","volume":"221","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00688.x","article-title":"Consumption of functional fermented milk containing borage oil, green tea and vitamin E enhances skin barrier function","volume":"17","author":"Puch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14341","article-title":"Coffee pulp supplement affects antioxidant status and favors anti-aging of skin in healthy subjects","volume":"21","author":"Tseng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13504","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13504","article-title":"Effect of Lumenato a Tomato derived oral supplement on improving skin barrier strength","volume":"29","author":"Tarshish","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ski. Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3011","article-title":"Effect of a quality-controlled fermented nutraceutical on skin aging markers: An antioxidant-control, double-blind study","volume":"11","author":"Bertuccelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.136465","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols provide photoprotection, increase microcirculation, and modulate skin properties of women","volume":"141","author":"Heinrich","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.64.75","article-title":"Effect of Passion Fruit Seed Extract Rich in Piceatannol on the Skin of Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial","volume":"64","author":"Morita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000514323","article-title":"Oral Pycnogenol\u00ae Intake Benefits the Skin in Urban Chinese Outdoor Workers: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, and Crossover Intervention Study","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1565","article-title":"Long-term ingestion of high flavanol cocoa provides photoprotection against UV-induced erythema and improves skin condition in women","volume":"136","author":"Heinrich","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO01271F","article-title":"Improvement of green tea polyphenol with milk on skin with respect to antioxidation in healthy adults: A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized crossover clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-13-66","article-title":"Chocolate flavanols and skin photoprotection: A parallel, double-blind, randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Mogollon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14345","article-title":"Effects of a combination of botanical actives on skin health and antioxidant status in post-menopausal women: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Tumsutti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakkalakal, M., Pan, A., Nadora, D., Gahoonia, N., Chaudhuri, R.K., Burney, W., Thacker, S., Shakhbazova, A., Subramanyam, C., and Chambers, C.J. (2023). Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Supplementation with Standardized Terminalia chebula Fruit Extracts Reduces Facial Sebum Excretion, Erythema, and Wrinkle Severity. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041591"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"1825","article-title":"Effect of Beverage Containing 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one on Skin Elasticity\u2014A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Parallel Study","volume":"51","author":"Sato","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S368576","article-title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Blue Fenugreek Kale Extract on Skin Health and Aging: In-Vitro and Clinical Evidences","volume":"15","author":"Kappler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5619","DOI":"10.29219\/fnr.v65.5619","article-title":"Antioxidant and reduced skin-ageing effects of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement in response to air pollution: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"65","author":"Nobile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.17-35","article-title":"Protective effect of astaxanthin on skin deterioration","volume":"61","author":"Tominaga","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.217711","article-title":"Cocoa Flavanol Supplementation Influences Skin Conditions of Photo-Aged Women: A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"146","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakkalakal, M., Nadora, D., Gahoonia, N., Dumont, A., Burney, W., Pan, A., Chambers, C.J., and Sivamani, R.K. (2022). Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Oral Pomegranate Extract on Skin Wrinkles, Biophysical Features, and the Gut-Skin Axis. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226724"},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"440","article-title":"Intervention with flaxseed and borage oil supplements modulates skin condition in women","volume":"101","author":"Stahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.12343","article-title":"Oral intake of Boesenbergia pandurata extract improves skin hydration, gloss, and wrinkling: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1316","article-title":"The effect of dietary intake of coenzyme Q10 on skin parameters and condition: Results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"43","author":"Mervic","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioFactors"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1800","article-title":"Oral intake of lingonberry and amla fruit extract improves skin conditions in healthy female subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"66","author":"Uchiyama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobile, V., Dudonn\u00e9, S., Kern, C., Roveda, G., and Garcia, C. (2024). Antiaging, Brightening, and Antioxidant Efficacy of Fermented Bilberry Extract (Vaccinium myrtillus): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16142203"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ham, Y.M., Yoon, S.A., Hyeon, H., Hyun, H.B., Kim, S.C., Go, B., Jung, Y.H., and Yoon, W.J. (2022). Clinical Evidence of Effects of Green Mandarin (Putgyul) Extract on Skin Aging: A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071352"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzo, J., Min, M., Adnan, S., Afzal, N., Maloh, J., Chambers, C.J., Fam, V., and Sivamani, R.K. (2023). Soy Protein Containing Isoflavones Improves Facial Signs of Photoaging and Skin Hydration in Postmenopausal Women: Results of a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194113"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2018.1547626","article-title":"Impact of Acacia bark extract tablets on the skin of healthy humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"83","author":"Hoshino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13946","article-title":"Almond consumption increased UVB resistance in healthy Asian women","volume":"20","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanjaya, A., Ishida, A., Li, X., Kim, Y., Yamada, H., Kometani, T., Yamashita, Y., and Kim, Y.I. (2024). Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration of Wine Lees Extract (WLE)-Derived Ceramides and Glucosylceramides in Enhancing Skin Barrier Function: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132100"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000503300301","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the clinical efficacy of oral treatment with DermaVite on ageing symptoms of the skin","volume":"33","author":"Thom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nobile, V., Burioli, A., Yu, S., Zhifeng, S., Cestone, E., Insolia, V., Zaccaria, V., and Malfa, G.A. (2022). Photoprotective and Antiaging Effects of a Standardized Red Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Extract in Asian and Caucasian Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14112241"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopresti, A.L., Smith, S.J., Riggs, M.L., Major, R.A., Gibb, T.G., Wood, S.M., Hester, S.N., and Knaggs, H.E. (2024). An Examination into the Effects of a Nutraceutical Supplement on Cognition, Stress, Eye Health, and Skin Satisfaction in Adults with Self-Reported Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202405.0741.v1"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1159\/000454718","article-title":"Effects of Aloe Sterol Supplementation on Skin Elasticity, Hydration, and Collagen Score: A 12-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ski. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09888.x","article-title":"Clinical evidence of benefits of a dietary supplement containing probiotic and carotenoids on ultraviolet-induced skin damage","volume":"163","author":"Jeannes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Myung, D.B., Lee, J.H., Han, H.S., Lee, K.Y., Ahn, H.S., Shin, Y.K., Song, E., Kim, B.H., Lee, K.H., and Lee, S.H. (2020). Oral Intake of Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser. Leaves Extract Improves Wrinkles, Hydration, Elasticity, Texture, and Roughness in Human Skin: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061588"},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"63","article-title":"An antioxidant and multivitamin supplement reduced improvements in VO2max","volume":"54","author":"Skaug","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10057.x","article-title":"Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"164","author":"Rizwan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12541","article-title":"Orally administered mixed carotenoids protect human skin against ultraviolet A-induced skin pigmentation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Baswan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-022-00243-6","article-title":"Dietetic intervention in psoriatic arthritis: The DIETA trial","volume":"62","author":"Leite","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00154","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3507","article-title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study to Investigate the efficacy of Herring Roe Oil for treatment of Psoriasis","volume":"100","author":"Tveit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Derm.-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2012.10720430","article-title":"9-cis-rich \u03b2-carotene powder of the alga Dunaliella reduces the severity of chronic plaque psoriasis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"31","author":"Greenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2023.v16i10.48066","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy and safety of oral vitamin D3 and vitamin E as an add-on-therapy to methotrexate in patients of moderate chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"16","author":"Narang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","first-page":"e52","article-title":"Effect of CoQ10 Administration to Psoriatic Iraqi Patients on Biological Therapy Upon Severity Index (PASI) and Quality of Life Index (DLQI) Before and After Therapy","volume":"29","author":"Sahib","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Popul. Ther. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"543","article-title":"Role of Omega-3 supplements in plaque-type psoriasis","volume":"33","author":"Nopriyati","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Pak. Assoc. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.172815","article-title":"Effects of oral vitamin E on treatment of atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Jaffary","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","first-page":"327","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A clinical trial study","volume":"11","author":"Amestejani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Drugs Dermatol. JDD"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sara, M., Ilyas, F., Hasballah, K., Nurjannah, N., and Mudatsir, M. (2023). The Effects of Lumbricus rubellus Extract on Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and IL-31 Levels in Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59112007"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14220","article-title":"Oral vitamin D3 5000 IU\/day as an adjuvant in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: A randomized control trial","volume":"57","author":"Romero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2019.1619009","article-title":"Effect of cholecalciferol supplementation on treatment response and il-10 level in vitamin D deficient parthenium dermatitis patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Selvarajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diet. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2012.012040","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial on the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin in patients with chronic sulphur mustard-induced cutaneous complications","volume":"49","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abe, T., Koyama, Y., Nishimura, K., Okiura, A., and Takahashi, T. (2022). Efficacy and safety of fig (Ficus carica L.) leaf tea in adults with mild atopic dermatitis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled preliminary trial. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214470"},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"32","article-title":"A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Dietary Supplementation with Polyphenols on Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Adults with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Beijing, China","volume":"1","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. J. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"3832","article-title":"A randomized single blind placebo controlled clinical study to evaluate efficacy of amalaki (Emblica officinalis) extract capsule on acne vulgaris along with its anti-oxidant property","volume":"12","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511006544","article-title":"Improvement of sulphur mustard-induced chronic pruritus, quality of life and antioxidant status by curcumin: Results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"108","author":"Panahi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakai, K., and Tsuruta, D. (2021). What are reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and oxidative stress in skin diseases?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910799"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.09.012","article-title":"Protection against UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 high-risk mice by sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout extracts","volume":"240","author":"Jenkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412576","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/412576","article-title":"Curcumin protects human keratinocytes against inorganic arsenite-induced acute cytotoxicity through an NRF2-dependent mechanism","volume":"2013","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0905-6157.2003.00106.x","article-title":"Does the severity of atopic dermatitis correlate with serum IgE levels?","volume":"15","author":"Laske","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00380.x","article-title":"Cutaneous barrier repair and pathophysiology following barrier disruption in IL-1 and TNF type I receptor deficient mice","volume":"8","author":"Man","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22736.x","article-title":"The interleukin-6 cytokine system regulates epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.03.010","article-title":"Neuroimmune communication regulating pruritus in atopic dermatitis","volume":"149","author":"Steinhoff","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","first-page":"203","article-title":"Abnormalities in stratum corneum structure, lipid composition, and desmosome degradation it soap-induced winter xerosis","volume":"45","author":"AV","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02194.x","article-title":"The hairless mouse model of photoaging: Evaluation of the relationship between dermal elastin, collagen, skin thickness and wrinkles","volume":"56","author":"Moloney","year":"1992","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7753","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms16047753","article-title":"Biological mechanisms underlying the ultraviolet radiation-induced formation of skin wrinkling and sagging I: Reduced skin elasticity, highly associated with enhanced dermal elastase activity, triggers wrinkling and sagging","volume":"16","author":"Imokawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22622.x","article-title":"Green tea polyphenols prevent ultraviolet light-induced oxidative damage and matrix metalloproteinases expression in mouse skin","volume":"122","author":"Vayalil","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.03.020","article-title":"Healing fats of the skin: The structural and immunologic roles of the \u03c9-6 and \u03c9-3 fatty acids","volume":"28","author":"McCusker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000323308","article-title":"Practical issues on interpretation of scoring atopic dermatitis: SCORAD Index, objective SCORAD, patient-oriented SCORAD and Three-Item Severity score","volume":"41","author":"Oranje","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01167.x","article-title":"Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)\u2014A simple practical measure for routine clinical use","volume":"19","author":"Finlay","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.1.98","article-title":"Supplementation with beta-carotene or a similar amount of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema","volume":"133","author":"Heinrich","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3109\/15569528909062958","article-title":"Epidermal kinetics and skin condition: I. Stripping technique for quantitating stratum corneum turnover in hairless mouse skin","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"461","article-title":"Measurement of the transit time for cells through the epidermis and stratum corneum of the mouse and guinea-pig","volume":"20","author":"Potten","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Kinet."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04363.x","article-title":"Making an epidermis","volume":"1170","author":"Koster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0906-6705.2005.00313.x","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis-like pruritic skin inflammation caused by feeding a special diet to HR-1 hairless mice","volume":"14","author":"Fujii","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12261462","article-title":"Cell proliferation in normal epidermis","volume":"82","author":"Weinstein","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalak, M., Pierzak, M., Kr\u0119cisz, B., and Suliga, E. (2021). Bioactive compounds for skin health: A review. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13010203"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.5b00198","article-title":"Naringenin inhibits UVB irradiation-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the skin of hairless mice","volume":"78","author":"Martinez","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/3\/301\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T16:11:22Z","timestamp":1772208682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/3\/301"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15030301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15030301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}