{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T02:47:16Z","timestamp":1784774836225,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Next Generation EU","award":["2022HXMY4P\u2014CUP D53D23010340006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022HXMY4P\u2014CUP D53D23010340006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), represent a significant challenge for ageing populations, with their prevalence increasing worldwide. Elevated human Monoamine Oxidase B (hMAO-B) activity has been related to neurodegenerative progression, where it contributes, among others, to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The identification and optimization of selective hMAO-B inhibitors is therefore pivotal in addressing the progression of NDs. In this work we introduced 2-aroylbenzothiophene analogues as promising agents to mitigate neurodegeneration. The synthesized compounds were screened against hMAO-A and hMAO-B, identifying compounds 4, 11, and 12 as the most promising. In vitro studies in hGF and SH-SY5Y cells revealed distinct toxicity profiles, with compound 4 being the least tolerated at 100 \u00b5M. ROS generation was investigated as a possible mechanism underlying this toxicity. Compounds 4 (12.5 \u00b5M), 11, and 12 (100 \u00b5M) were further evaluated for neuroprotective effects against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, showing a modest neuroprotective effect after 72 h at a sub-toxic 6-OHDA concentration (250 \u00b5M), comparable to the clinically used hMAO-B inhibitor (R)-(\u2212)-Deprenyl at 100 \u00b5M. Finally, molecular modelling studies revealed that compound 4 establishes key stabilizing interactions within hMAO-B, accounting for its high inhibitory potency and selectivity over hMAO-A.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15030346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T08:43:31Z","timestamp":1773132211000},"page":"346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Novel Insights on Benzo[b]thiophene Analogues for MAO-B Inhibition and Neuroprotection: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modelling Studies and Biological Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6449-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Arrighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4258-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Berrino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Via del Casale di San Pio V, 44, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Carradori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7754-4653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guya Diletta","family":"Marconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Pizzicannella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2916-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Guarnieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6205-4069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiziano","family":"Tuccinardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-8192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Pepi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6412-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Troiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9184-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Salvitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Di Noi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8703-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Coluccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7050-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Buttitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-2291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Pontecorvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Granese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-8126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Chimenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Secci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. 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