{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:05:59Z","timestamp":1791493559030,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exercise-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required for mitochondrial and hypertrophic adaptations, creating a practical trade-off: antioxidant strategies may support short-term performance and recovery yet blunt training signals when mis-timed or over-dosed. We performed a structured narrative review informed by transparent database searches of MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus (2000\u20132025), prioritizing human intervention studies and using mechanistic evidence to interpret plausibility. Evidence was mapped by antioxidant class, dose, timing, training modality, and context. Across trials, chronic high-dose vitamins C\/E taken close to key sessions are most consistently associated with attenuation of redox-sensitive signaling, whereas food-first polyphenols and selected bioactives (e.g., tart cherry\/anthocyanins, pomegranate, and curcumin) more often support recovery when positioned away from adaptation-critical workouts, without clear evidence of impaired training gains. N-acetylcysteine can acutely improve tolerance to repeated high-intensity exercise, but effects during prolonged training remain uncertain and appear context-dependent. We propose Redox-Adaptive Periodization, aligning antioxidant class, dose, and timing with the primary objective (adaptation vs. immediate readiness) and environmental constraints, and we outline methodological priorities to advance precision redox management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15040456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T13:14:19Z","timestamp":1775567659000},"page":"456","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antioxidants and Exercise: A Redox-Informed Framework for Training Adaptation, Performance, and Recovery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9406-8555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Cristian","family":"M\u0103nescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"Tudor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0202-4542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea Maria","family":"M\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iulius Radulian","family":"M\u0103rg\u0103rit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6698-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lin Octavian","family":"M\u0103nescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sport, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3263-3860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciprian","family":"Pris\u0103caru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Humanities, Valahia University of T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te, 130105 T\u00e2rgovi\u0219te, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian","family":"P\u0103un","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virgil","family":"Tudor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Acute exercise and oxidative stress: A 30 year history","volume":"8","author":"Bloomer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dyn. 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