{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T19:35:59Z","timestamp":1789587359836,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development","award":["PJ017632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ017632"]}]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development","award":["PJ017441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ017441"]}]},{"name":"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development","award":["PJ014360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ014360"]}]},{"name":"2026 RDA Fellowship Program of the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cadmium (Cd) is a potentially toxic element that impairs plant growth and threatens food safety and human health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sulfur (S) supplementation on Cd uptake and tolerance in rice under hydroponic conditions. Rice seedlings were exposed to Cd stress and treated with S at different concentrations. Physiological traits, oxidative damage markers, thiol compounds, and ionomic profiles in rice plants were assessed. S supplementation reduced Cd-induced growth inhibition, restoring plant biomass. Although Cd accumulation increased with S treatment, it was accompanied by enhanced antioxidant responses, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. S application increased the production of thiol-containing compounds, including \u03b3-glutamylcysteine, glutathione, and phytochelatins, which helped chelate Cd and sequester it in vacuoles, particularly in roots. Additionally, S supplementation altered the essential nutrient composition in rice tissues, particularly the uptake of N, P, and K, while influencing levels of Ca, Mg, and other essential elements. S supplementation enhanced rice tolerance to Cd stress by reestablishing ROS balance, activating thiol-based detoxification pathways, and regulating mineral nutrient balance. Furthermore, sulfur (S) exhibited a dual effect in plants, enhancing cadmium (Cd) uptake while also promoting its detoxification, underscoring its role in improving crop resilience in contaminated soils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15040467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T12:21:32Z","timestamp":1775737292000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sulfur Supplementation Enhances Cadmium Tolerance in Rice by Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Thiol-Dependent Detoxification, and Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2357-101X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha-il","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Environment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaw Su","family":"Lwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Environment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung-Sook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Environment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4959-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Environment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3115-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Gu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soil and Water Environment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1178-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theint Thandar","family":"Latt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1912-0390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bok-Rye","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcz082","article-title":"Effects of thiosulfate as a sulfur source on plant growth, metabolites accumulation, and gene expression in Arabidopsis and rice","volume":"60","author":"Nakajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stress.2024.100630","article-title":"Sulfur assimilation and regulation of abiotic stress via OMICS","volume":"14","author":"Mir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Stress"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030082","DOI":"10.1080\/15592324.2022.2030082","article-title":"Sulfur nutrition and its role in plant growth and development","volume":"18","author":"Narayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Signal. 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