{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:53:43Z","timestamp":1776081223549,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FuXiaQuan National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Collaborative Innovation Platform Project","award":["2023FX0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023FX0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Styela plicata, an edible ascidian rich in diverse bioactive constituents, represents a promising source of marine natural products for therapeutic discovery. Here, bioactive components from a 95% ethanol extract of S. plicata (ESP) were characterized by HPLC-MS\/MS, showing that the major constituents were oxygenated small molecules dominated by fatty acyls and carboxylic acid derivatives. In a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury, H-ESP treatment (300 mg\/kg) significantly reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, and TG (p &lt; 0.01), while effectively ameliorating pathological changes in liver tissue, reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory responses. Transcriptome sequencing (H-ESP vs. model group) identified 1097 differentially expressed genes (172 upregulated and 925 downregulated), and KEGG analysis highlighted significant enrichment of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. ESP modulated hepatic metabolite expression, suppressed inflammation via TLR-4\/NF-\u03baB pathway inhibition, and boosted antioxidant defenses by activating Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling, which was further confirmed by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. ESP increased intestinal SCFAs (acetate, propionate, isobutyrate; p &lt; 0.05), improved \u03b1-diversity and the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio, reversed shifts in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and partly restored Odoribacter, supporting a gut\u2013liver axis mechanism. Overall, these findings indicate that ESP exerts hepatoprotective effects by modulating the gut\u2013liver axis, and they provide insights for developing natural therapeutics against alcoholic liver disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15040480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:19:14Z","timestamp":1776075554000},"page":"480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulation of the Gut\u2013Liver Axis and Nrf2\/HO-1-Mediated Antioxidant Defense by Styela plicata Extract Against Alcoholic Liver Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiuzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"},{"name":"Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3464-3743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siquan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6219-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1096-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4793-7929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weichao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Fuzhou 350002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e176345","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI176345","article-title":"Alcohol-associated liver disease","volume":"134","author":"Mackowiak","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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