{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:12:06Z","timestamp":1790014326934,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ccjmp23","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol-associated Hepatitis (AH) is a rare acute injury caused by alcohol consumption, which can lead to one of the most severe manifestations of liver disease. It is part of the alcohol-related liver diseases (ArLD) spectrum, which represents a major global health burden, with oxidative stress and inflammation serving as central, interconnected pathogenic mechanisms. Chronic alcohol (ethanol) consumption induces hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through multiple pathways, including cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) induction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and NADPH oxidase activation. These oxidative insults trigger a cascade of cellular damage encompassing lipid peroxidation, protein adduct formation, DNA damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately leading to hepatocyte dysfunction and multiple forms of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The inflammatory response, orchestrated primarily by Kupffer cells and infiltrating neutrophils through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling and inflammasome activation, not only amplifies hepatic injury but also promotes fibrogenesis through hepatic stellate cell activation. Neutrophils, characterised by elevated lipocalin-2 expression and spontaneous NETosis in AH, exhibit a paradoxical role by driving both tissue damage and repair. Current therapeutic strategies include corticosteroids, which remain the first-line treatment for severe AH, while emerging therapies targeting the gut\u2013liver axis, hepatic regeneration, and specific molecular targets show promise in clinical trials. This review comprehensively examines the molecular crosstalk between oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of AH to highlight current and investigational therapeutic approaches targeting these interconnected pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15040493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:37:19Z","timestamp":1776325039000},"page":"493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Alcohol-Related Hepatitis: A Role for Future Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019Arcangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Unit Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Rajoriya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Liver Unit Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"},{"name":"Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8733-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia F.","family":"Lalor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research and NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7683","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Review","volume":"326","author":"Singal","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.134809","article-title":"Oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids: A review","volume":"278","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. 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