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However, polyphenols are difficult to quantify in foods and show substantial variability in intake and epidemiological evidence on their relationship with lung cancer remains limited. This study explored the association between dietary polyphenols and lung cancer in two prospective cohorts. (2) Methods: Data from the UK Biobank and the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC) Study were used. The Phenol-Explorer\u00ae database was used to assess the total and subtypes of dietary polyphenols. Lung cancer cases were identified using The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate the association by hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among overall participants and in stratified analysis by smoking status and sex, which were further meta-analyzed. The associations of polyphenol compounds and food sources with lung cancer were also examined. (3) Results: A total of 177,971 and 57,971 participants from the UK Biobank and the JACC Study, respectively, were included. Wines and fruits were identified as the primary dietary sources of stilbenes. Dietary stilbenes were associated with a lower risk of lung cancer in fully adjusted models for both UK Biobank (HR: 0.849, 95% CI: 0.723\u20130.996) and JACC Study (HR: 0.803, 95% CI: 0.648\u20130.996), as well as in the meta-analysis (HR: 0.832, 95% CI: 0.732\u20130.946). (4) Conclusions: Considering pharmacokinetic properties and biological plausibility, our findings suggest that stilbenes may serve as markers of polyphenol-rich foods lowering lung cancer risk. Further biomarker-based and interventional studies are warranted to clarify causality and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:31:56Z","timestamp":1777465916000},"page":"563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Stilbenes May Mitigate Risk of Lung Cancer: Evidence from Two Prospective Cohort Studies in the UK and Japan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0107-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaona","family":"Na","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Behavioral Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents\u2019 Health and Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing 400014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirai","family":"Kokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Behavioral Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Behavioral Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Tamakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9241-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Iso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine and Behavioral Science, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","article-title":"Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012","volume":"136","author":"Ferlay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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