{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T20:07:19Z","timestamp":1789243639240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Hebei Province Yan-Zhao Golden Talent Platform Key Talent Project","award":["A20240024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A20240024"]}]},{"name":"the Talent Introduction Research Special Project, Hebei Agricultural University","award":["YJ2024012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ2024012"]}]},{"award":["YJ2024012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJ2024012"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/009fw8j44","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Innovation Capability Enhancement Special Project of Baoding","award":["2494N015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2494N015"]}]},{"name":"the Applied Technology R&amp;D and Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone Special Basic Research Project of Chengde","award":["202404B074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202404B074"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant global health burden. The natural alkaloid, 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), abundant in mulberry (Morus alba L.), offers a promising bioactive approach to its early management. This review comprehensively summarises the multifaceted roles of DNJ in modulating the core pathophysiological dysfunctions of T2DM, including impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance (IR), and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Specifically, DNJ exerts its therapeutic effects by regulating various pathways involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (e.g., phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways), enhancing insulin sensitivity, modulating the gut microbiota, and upregulating transporter proteins. We highlight emerging methodologies, such as network pharmacology, which underscore the pivotal role of the PI3K\/AKT and AMPK signalling pathways as primary targets of DNJ in T2DM management. Although this review elucidates multifaceted mechanisms of DNJ in T2DM management, it also identifies critical research gaps, particularly concerning its effects on pancreatic cells, obesity-related T2DM, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Further investigation in these areas is crucial for fully understanding DNJ\u2019s preventive and therapeutic potential and for the development of related functional foods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T10:01:30Z","timestamp":1777975290000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Metabolic Modulation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by 1-Deoxynojirimycin: A Multifaceted Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Chengde 067000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Ojha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"National Food Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangfu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghai","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China"},{"name":"Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Dietary Component Interaction and Precision Nutrition, Baoding 071000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Magliano, D.J., and Boyko, E.J. 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