{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:13:49Z","timestamp":1779297229484,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), namely decanoic acid, octanoic acid, and hexanoic acid, were identified in ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC\/MS). All three MCFAs exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity to enhance high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated paraoxonase and protected low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidative damage caused by Cu2+ ions. Consistently, MCFAs displayed substantial cellular antioxidant activity and minimized carboxymethyllysine (CML)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptotic cell death in zebrafish embryos. In adult zebrafish, MCFAs treatment mitigated CML-induced acute death and swimming abnormalities, and substantially augmented plasma sulfhydryl content, ferric ion reduction ability (FRA), and paraoxonase (PON)-like activity. Also, MCFA-treated zebrafish showed lower blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) with raising HDL cholesterol levels. The MCFAs showed substantial inhibition of hepatic ROS generation, neutrophil efflux, interleukin (IL)-6 production, and steatosis, leading to hepatoprotection against CML-triggered adversity. Consistent with hepatic histology results, reduced plasma hepatic function biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were observed in MCFA-treated groups than in the CML-treated group. In the kidney, MCFA treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress and cellular senescence and protected against kidney damage induced by exposure to CML. The study concludes the presence of three MCFAs in the OSO, which serve as functional antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, accounting for its diverse pharmacological properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:39:34Z","timestamp":1779295174000},"page":"606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Bioactive Medium Chain Fatty Acids (C10, C8, and C6) in Ozonated Sunflower Oil: Comparative Evaluation of Their Potent Antioxidant Activities and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Hyperinflammatory Zebrafish Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-4140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung-Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Raydel HDL Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0767-4927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Ah","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krismala","family":"Djayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raydel HDL Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raydel HDL Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Hyuk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raydel HDL Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6599-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yassmine","family":"Benmokadem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashutosh","family":"Bahuguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raydel HDL Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Mauro, R., Cantarella, G., Bernardini, R., Di Rosa, M., Barbagallo, I., Distefano, A., Longhitano, L., Vicario, N., Nicolosi, D., and Lazzarino, G. 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