{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:03:02Z","timestamp":1788804182371,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["81973015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973015"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Qingdao","award":["19-6-1-52-nsh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-6-1-52-nsh"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent global health concern. Although pharmacotherapies such as Resmetirom and semaglutide have recently gained approval by FDA\/EMEA, therapeutic options remain limited, necessitating the exploration of novel natural compounds. Our previous research indicated that lycopene exerts protective effects against MASLD; however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The present study aimed to investigate whether lycopene alleviates MASLD by modulating mitophagy, with a focus on the PINK1\/Parkin pathway. C57BL\/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MASLD and daily gavage of lycopene (10\/40 mg\/kg). In vitro, AML12 cells were treated with lycopene and Mdivi-1 to assess the role of PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy against lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The results found that lycopene supplementation significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, pathological liver injury, and elevated serum liver enzymes. It reduced hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and suppressed the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, as evidenced by decreased cytochrome c release and caspase cascade activation. Concurrently, lycopene restored ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential, improved ultrastructural integrity, and balanced mitochondrial dynamics by downregulating DRP1 and upregulating MFN2 and OPA1. Crucially, lycopene activated PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, leading to an increased LC3-II\/LC3-I ratio and Beclin1 expression, alongside decreased levels of mitochondrial proteins TOM20 and COX IV. In vitro, the lycopene partially reversed the exacerbating effects of Mdivi-1 on lipid accumulation, ROS generation, apoptosis, and the suppression of the PINK1\/Parkin pathway. Collectively, lycopene ameliorates MASLD by activating PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and improving mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and attenuating hepatocyte apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1779375747000},"page":"648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lycopene Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease via PINK1\/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy Activation and Apoptosis Attenuation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ze","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9751-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaofeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongye","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Younossi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002480","article-title":"Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Basic Pathogenetic Mechanisms in the Progression From NAFLD to NASH","volume":"103","author":"Pierantonelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.5370","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review","volume":"313","author":"Rinella","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29466","article-title":"Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease","volume":"67","author":"Estes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-024-02045-0","article-title":"Resmetirom: First Approval","volume":"84","author":"Keam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and European Association for the Study of Obesity (2024). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J. Hepatol., 81, 492\u2013542."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y., Yu, M., Wu, Y., Xia, T., Wang, L., Song, K., Zhang, C., Lu, K., and Rahimnejad, S. (2022). Hydroxytyrosol Promotes the Mitochondrial Function through Activating Mitophagy. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050893"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-013-1034-4","article-title":"Oxidative stress: The mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis","volume":"87","author":"Sinha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in metabolic disorders\u2014A step towards mitochondria based therapeutic strategies","volume":"1863","author":"Bhatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.09.042","article-title":"Regulation of Liver Metabolism by Autophagy","volume":"150","author":"Cuervo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, X., McKeen, T., Zhang, J., and Ding, W.X. (2020). Role and Mechanisms of Mitophagy in Liver Diseases. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040837"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101817","article-title":"PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"84","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.185","article-title":"Autophagy in the liver: Functions in health and disease","volume":"14","author":"Ueno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001534","article-title":"PINK1 Activation and Translocation to Mitochondria-Associated Membranes Mediates Mitophagy and Protects Against Hepatic Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury","volume":"54","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109414","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via the promotion of AMPK-mediated hepatic mitophagy","volume":"120","author":"Cao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2024.159570","article-title":"Hesperitin prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy via the AMPKalpha-Drp1\/PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway","volume":"1870","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15083","article-title":"Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagy in mice","volume":"177","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO00580C","article-title":"Let food be your medicine: Nutraceutical properties of lycopene","volume":"10","author":"Grabowska","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.110814","article-title":"Lycopene used as Anti-inflammatory Nanodrug for the Treatment of Rheumathoid Arthritis: Animal assay, Pharmacokinetics, ABC Transporter and Tissue Deposition","volume":"188","author":"Moia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.1c00001","article-title":"Potential Role of Lycopene in the Inhibition of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate-Induced Ferroptosis in Spleen Via Modulation of Iron Ion Homeostasis","volume":"4","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20034","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02749","article-title":"Lycopene Alleviates Chronic Stress-Induced Hippocampal Microglial Pyroptosis by Inhibiting the Cathepsin B\/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway","volume":"71","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, X., Zhao, X., Liu, M., Zhao, H., and Sun, Y. (2023). Lycopene prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through regulating hepatic NF-kappaB\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and intestinal microbiota in mice fed with high-fat and high-fructose diet. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1120254"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17979","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c04308","article-title":"Facilitating Pro-survival Mitophagy for Alleviating Parkinson\u2019s Disease via Sequence-Targeted Lycopene Nanodots","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12502","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c05103","article-title":"Lycopene Ameliorate Atrazine-Induced Oxidative Damage in the B Cell Zone via Targeting the miR-27a-3p\/Foxo1 Axis","volume":"70","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7032","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c07581","article-title":"Apigenin Alleviated High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatic Pyroptosis by Mitophagy-ROS-CTSB-NLRP3 Pathway in Mice and AML12 Cells","volume":"71","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.038","article-title":"Caffeic acid ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via alleviating oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes through activating Nrf2 via targeting Keap1","volume":"224","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.04.002","article-title":"Reduction in the desaturation capacity of the liver in mice subjected to high fat diet: Relation to LCPUFA depletion in liver and extrahepatic tissues","volume":"98","author":"Valenzuela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2019.03.008","article-title":"Lycopene supplementation attenuates western diet-induced body weight gain through increasing the expressions of thermogenic\/mitochondrial functional genes and improving insulin resistance in the adipose tissue of obese mice","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8960","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01039E","article-title":"Lycopene modulates lipid metabolism in rats and their offspring under a high-fat diet","volume":"12","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5090","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO00559C","article-title":"Lycopene ameliorates islet function and down-regulates the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-kappaB pathway in diabetic mice and Min6 cells","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176159","article-title":"Fenofibrate improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and shapes the gut microbiome via TFEB-autophagy in NAFLD mice","volume":"960","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, D., Niu, S., Ma, Y., Chen, H., Wen, Y., Li, M., Zhou, B., Deng, Y., Shi, C., and Pu, G. (2021). Fenofibrate Improves Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis and Regulates the Let-7\/SERCA2b Axis in High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Mice. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.770652"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2021.0274","article-title":"Peroxisomal Fitness: A Potential Protective Mechanism of Fenofibrate against High Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice","volume":"46","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24127","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and the histopathologic diagnosis in NAFLD: Distinct clinicopathologic meanings","volume":"53","author":"Brunt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.119045","article-title":"Lycopene inhibits zearalenone-induced ferroptosis via activating AMPK\/Nrf2 signaling pathway in AML-12 hepatocytes and in mice livers","volume":"303","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2013.06.017","article-title":"Complex interactions between dietary and genetic factors impact lycopene metabolism and distribution","volume":"539","author":"Moran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.62.03.0006","article-title":"Bioavailability of lycopene in the rat: The role of intestinal lymphatic transport","volume":"62","author":"Faisal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.5.1256","article-title":"Tissue distribution of lycopene in ferrets and rats after lycopene supplementation","volume":"130","author":"Ferreira","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2023.05.025","article-title":"Lycopene Accumulation in Transgenic Mice Lacking One or Both Carotenoid Cleaving Enzymes","volume":"153","author":"Bradley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32324","article-title":"Compromised hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and reduced markers of mitochondrial turnover in human NAFLD","volume":"76","author":"Moore","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3760","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15099","article-title":"Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by up-regulating the FGF21\/PGC-1alpha pathway","volume":"177","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"e65105","article-title":"Protection of H9c2 Myocardial Cells from Oxidative Stress by Crocetin via PINK1\/Parkin Pathway-Mediated Mitophagy","volume":"195","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9559","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO01761J","article-title":"Fucoxanthin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats and cell hypertrophy in HG-induced H9c2 cells by alleviating oxidative stress and restoring mitophagy","volume":"13","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"253","article-title":"PINK1\/Park2-Mediated Mitophagy Relieve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease","volume":"73","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34710-x","article-title":"Reduced mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD and liver-specific PARKIN knockout hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"13","author":"Undamatla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"319","article-title":"Protective Effect of Lycopene on Ifosfamide-Induced Mitophagy through Pink, Parkin, and LC3-I\/II Pathway in Testicular Tissue","volume":"19","author":"Imeer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2023.2287930","article-title":"LYC inhibits the AKT signaling pathway to activate autophagy and ameliorate TGFB-induced renal fibrosis","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0104-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies","volume":"24","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanathan, R., Ali, A.H., and Ibdah, J.A. (2022). Mitochondrial Dysfunction Plays Central Role in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137280"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.10.012","article-title":"Tomato juice consumption improves blood antioxidative biomarkers in overweight and obese females","volume":"34","author":"Ghavipour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.03.016","article-title":"Lycopene and resveratrol ameliorate zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"69","author":"Eissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14186","article-title":"Bax, Bak and beyond\u2014Mitochondrial performance in apoptosis","volume":"285","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26226","article-title":"Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"58","author":"Begriche","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12093","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510660200","article-title":"Free fatty acids induce JNK-dependent hepatocyte lipoapoptosis","volume":"281","author":"Malhi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.04.004","article-title":"Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Koliaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ariyoshi, K., Nishiyama, K., Kato, Y., Mi, X., Ito, T., Azuma, Y.T., Nishimura, A., and Nishida, M. (2024). Inhibition of Drp1-Filamin Protein Complex Prevents Hepatic Lipid Droplet Accumulation by Increasing Mitochondria-Lipid Droplet Contact. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202404.0918.v1"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk1005","article-title":"Food perception promotes phosphorylation of MFFS131 and mitochondrial fragmentation in liver","volume":"384","author":"Henschke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601963","article-title":"Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy","volume":"27","author":"Twig","year":"2008","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201007013","article-title":"Proteasome and p97 mediate mitophagy and degradation of mitofusins induced by Parkin","volume":"191","author":"Tanaka","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, H.J., Tsai, C.Y., Chiou, S.J., Lai, Y.L., Wang, C.H., Cheng, J.T., Chuang, T.H., Huang, C.F., Kwan, A.L., and Loh, J.K. (2021). The Phosphorylation Status of Drp1-Ser637 by PKA in Mitochondrial Fission Modulates Mitophagy via PINK1\/Parkin to Exert Multipolar Spindles Assembly during Mitosis. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030424"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154494","article-title":"Nuanxinkang prevents the development of myocardial infarction-induced chronic heart failure by promoting PINK1\/Parkin-mediated mitophagy","volume":"108","author":"Guan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.114719","article-title":"Melatonin ameliorates glyphosate- and hard water-induced renal tubular epithelial cell senescence via PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy","volume":"255","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.119666","article-title":"Xinyin tablets affect mitophagy and cardiomyocyte apoptosis to alleviate chronic heart failure by regulating histone deacetylase 3(HDAC3)-mediated PTEN induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)\/Parkin signaling pathway","volume":"346","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.114899","article-title":"Resveratrol protects against a high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing mitochondrial fission via targeting SIRT1\/PGC-1alpha","volume":"380","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.02.024","article-title":"Bnip3 in mitophagy: Novel insights and potential therapeutic target for diseases of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"506","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/5\/648\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:23:54Z","timestamp":1779377034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/5\/648"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15050648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15050648","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}