{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:34:22Z","timestamp":1785429262552,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82560693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82560693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82160813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82304348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["82560693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82560693"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82160813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82160813"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["82304348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304348"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Association for Science and Technology Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project"},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Program","award":["[2024]015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2024]015"]}]},{"name":"Guizhou Medical University XiaoboheJzi","award":["[2024]011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[2024]011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004001","name":"Guizhou Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CXPTXM [2025]010\/[2025]021\/KXJZ [2025]014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXPTXM [2025]010\/[2025]021\/KXJZ [2025]014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guizhou Provincial Graduate Student Research Fund","award":["2024YJSKYJJ287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YJSKYJJ287"]}]},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform","award":["2022YKZY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited targeted therapeutic options, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Feilike (FLK), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula with heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, aligns with key pathological features implicated in breast cancer progression. In addition, several of its components have demonstrated anti-tumor activity, positioning FLK as a potential therapeutic candidate for TNBC. In this study, we employed an integrated approach combining network pharmacology, transcriptomic analysis, and experimental validation to investigate the anti-TNBC effects of FLK. Our results demonstrate that FLK significantly inhibits the proliferation of TNBC cell lines and patient-derived organoids and induces typical pyroptotic features, including cell swelling and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Mechanistically, FLK triggers a mutant p53 signaling cascade involving calcium dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which collectively activate the P38\/JNK\u2013Caspase-3\/GSDME pathway to induce pyroptosis. In vivo, FLK markedly suppresses tumor growth in a 4T1 orthotopic mouse model and enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of Cyclophosphamide. Furthermore, Licochalcone B (LCB) is identified as a key bioactive constituent that recapitulates the pyroptosis-inducing effects of FLK. Collectively, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized mutant p53\u2013ERS\u2013ROS\u2013MAPK signaling axis underlying FLK-induced pyroptosis and provide mechanistic insight and experimental evidence supporting the repurposing of FLK as a potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15050649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:02:27Z","timestamp":1779375747000},"page":"649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Feilike and Its Constituent Licochalcone B Trigger Caspase-3\/GSDME-Mediated Pyroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via Modulation of the Mutant p53\u2013Calcium\/ER Stress\u2013ROS\u2013MAPK Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital, Guiyang 550025, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianghong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zili","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjian","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7107-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfei","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital, Guiyang 550025, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Natural Products Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdr304","article-title":"Strategies for subtypes\u2014dealing with the diversity of breast cancer: Highlights of the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2011","volume":"22","author":"Goldhirsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2016.66","article-title":"Triple-negative breast cancer: Challenges and opportunities of a heterogeneous disease","volume":"13","author":"Bianchini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.14.4147","article-title":"Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"26","author":"Liedtke","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3599","article-title":"Cancer drug resistance: An evolving paradigm","volume":"13","author":"Holohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-27156-4_3","article-title":"Chemotherapy","volume":"185","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28003","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01921","article-title":"Integrating UPLC-HR-MS\/MS, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanisms of Jin\u2019gan Capsules against Breast Cancer","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"763","article-title":"Integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the potential mechanism of San Ying decoction for treating triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36579","article-title":"Mechanisms of Yiai Fuzheng formula in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer based on UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, network pharmacology, and experimental validation","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2025.117166","article-title":"Xi Huang Pill exerts anti-triple-negative breast cancer effects by modulating gut microbiota, regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, and promoting autophagy homeostasis","volume":"267","author":"Gu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X23500155","article-title":"Mechanistic Role of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Breast Cancer Therapy","volume":"51","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2024.118656","article-title":"Scutellaria barbata D.Don and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R.J.Wang inhibits the progression of triple negative breast cancer though the activation inhibition of NF-\u03baB triggered by CAFs-derived IL6","volume":"335","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-3589(08)61069-8","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Mesner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adv. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neophytou, C.M., Trougakos, I.P., Erin, N., and Papageorgis, P. (2021). Apoptosis Deregulation and the Development of Cancer Multi-Drug Resistance. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13174363"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02065-8","article-title":"Pyroptosis at the forefront of anticancer immunity","volume":"40","author":"Loveless","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","article-title":"Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death","volume":"526","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-03454-9","article-title":"Tetraarsenic hexoxide enhances generation of mitochondrial ROS to promote pyroptosis by inducing the activation of caspase-3\/GSDME in triple-negative breast cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"An","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.042","article-title":"Hypericin photoactivation induces triple-negative breast cancer cells pyroptosis by targeting the ROS\/CALR\/Caspase-3\/GSDME pathway","volume":"77","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, L., Bai, S., Huang, J., Cui, G., Li, Q., Wang, J., Du, X., Fu, W., Li, C., and Wei, W. (2023). Nigericin Boosts Anti-Tumor Immune Response via Inducing Pyroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15123221"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02187-7","article-title":"Shikonin induces the apoptosis and pyroptosis of EGFR-T790M-mutant drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells via the degradation of cyclooxygenase-2","volume":"29","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.12253","article-title":"Curcumin Activates ROS Signaling to Promote Pyroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells","volume":"35","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.89986","article-title":"Baicalin Induces Gastric Cancer Cell Pyroptosis through the NF-\u03baB-NLRP3 Signaling Axis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22393","article-title":"Chemotherapy drugs induce pyroptosis through caspase-3 cleavage of a gasdermin","volume":"547","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01429-4","article-title":"Mitochondria and cell death","volume":"26","author":"Glover","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.178017","article-title":"OTSSP167 suppresses TNBC brain metastasis via ROS-driven P38\/JNK and FAK\/ERK pathways","volume":"1004","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.11.016","article-title":"Melatonin enhances arsenic trioxide-induced cell death via sustained upregulation of Redd1 expression in breast cancer cells","volume":"422","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42458-1","article-title":"Mutant p53 sustains serine-glycine synthesis and essential amino acids intake promoting breast cancer growth","volume":"14","author":"Tombari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.02.004","article-title":"Ca2+ homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress: An integrated view of calcium signaling","volume":"460","author":"Krebs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-05444-x","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death in liver injury","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.02474","article-title":"Adjuvant Capecitabine with Docetaxel and Cyclophosphamide Plus Epirubicin for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (CBCSG010): An Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Trial","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86-e76","DOI":"10.1093\/oncolo\/oyac223","article-title":"Nab-paclitaxel Followed by Dose-dense Epirubicin\/Cyclophosphamide in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Phase II Study","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144888","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs regulating programmed cell death and its implications in cancer chemotherapy resistance","volume":"318","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-020-00349-0","article-title":"The caspase-3\/GSDME signal pathway as a switch between apoptosis and pyroptosis in cancer","volume":"6","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177927","article-title":"Cantharidin Induces Pyroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells via vitamin D receptor-targeted inhibition and activation of ROS\/caspase\/GSDME axis","volume":"1003","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-019-01515-1","article-title":"Chemotherapeutic paclitaxel and cisplatin differentially induce pyroptosis in A549 lung cancer cells via caspase-3\/GSDME activation","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, H., Ni, B., Chen, Q., Wang, W., Guo, Z., Wang, N., Chen, R., Yin, X., Qu, C., and Ni, J. (2026). Polyphyllin II Triggers Pyroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Modulation of the ROS\/NLRP3\/Caspase-1\/GSDMD Axis. Antioxidants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15010075"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8585598","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8585598","article-title":"Osthole Induces Apoptosis and Caspase-3\/GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis via NQO1-Mediated ROS Generation in HeLa Cells","volume":"2022","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, Y. (2021). Possible Beneficial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020169"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.118252","article-title":"Tetrahydrocurcumin Protects Microglial Cells Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Cathepsin B to Activate NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis via the HO-1 and p38\/JNK Pathway","volume":"22","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01751-2","article-title":"Advanced oxidation protein products induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via MAPKs-NF-\u03baB signaling pathway and pyroptosis after secondary spinal cord injury","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22358","article-title":"Mammaglobin 1 promotes breast cancer malignancy and confers sensitivity to anticancer drugs","volume":"55","author":"Picot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121656","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to pyroptosis through NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"322","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05051-9","article-title":"Calcium-sensing receptor and NF-\u03baB pathways in TN breast cancer contribute to cancer-induced cardiomyocyte damage via activating neutrophil extracellular traps formation","volume":"81","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filadi, R., De Mario, A., Audano, M., Romani, P., Pedretti, S., Cardenas, C., Dupont, S., Mammucari, C., Mitro, N., and Pizzo, P. (2023). Sustained IP3-linked Ca2+ signaling promotes progression of triple negative breast cancer cells by regulating fatty acid metabolism. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1071037"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113347","article-title":"The calcium channel TRPC6 promotes chemotherapy-induced persistence by regulating integrin \u03b16 mRNA splicing","volume":"42","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.5b00124","article-title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl quinone induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, and calcium release","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-68748-9_17","article-title":"Redox and Inflammatory Signaling, the Unfolded Protein Response, and the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension","volume":"1304","author":"Katseff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2403201","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202403201","article-title":"Chondroitin Sulfate-Modified Hydroxyapatite for Caspase-1 Activated Induced Pyroptosis through Ca Overload\/ER Stress\/STING\/IRF3 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nong, W.J., Tong, X.Y., and Ouyang, J.M. (2024). Comparison of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Pyroptosis Induced by Pathogenic Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Physiologic Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals in HK-2 Cells: Insights into Kidney Stone Formation. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13242070"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwak, A.W., Kim, W.K., Lee, S.O., Yoon, G., Cho, S.S., Kim, K.T., Lee, M.H., Choi, Y.H., Lee, J.Y., and Park, J.W. (2023). Licochalcone B Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Oxaliplatin-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells via p38\/JNK MAPK Signaling. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030656"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3365","article-title":"Licochalcone B induces apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma through the extrinsic- and intrinsic-signaling pathways","volume":"48","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153014","article-title":"Licochalcone B inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells by dual targeting of EGFR and MET","volume":"63","author":"Oh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.12.030","article-title":"Licochalcone B inhibits growth of bladder cancer cells by arresting cell cycle progression and inducing apoptosis","volume":"65","author":"Yuan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadk1835","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk1835","article-title":"Mutant p53 protects triple-negative breast adenocarcinomas from ferroptosis in vivo","volume":"10","author":"Dibra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilshara, M.G., Molagoda, I.M.N., Jayasooriya, R.G.P.T., Choi, Y.H., Park, C., Lee, K.T., Lee, S., and Kim, G.Y. (2019). p53-Mediated Oxidative Stress Enhances Indirubin-3\u2032-Monoxime-Induced Apoptosis in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells by Upregulating Death Receptor 5 and TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Expression. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201908.0182.v1"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Orazi, G., and Cirone, M. (2019). Mutant p53 and Cellular Stress Pathways: A Criminal Alliance That Promotes Cancer Progression. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050614"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01932-z","article-title":"The role of pyroptosis in cancer: Key components and therapeutic potential","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bourne, C.M., and Taabazuing, C.Y. (2024). Harnessing Pyroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13040346"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malvankar, S., Jaiswal, P., Bhat, P.P., and Mehto, S. (2025). Regulation of cancer by inflammasomes: From inflammation to tumorigenesis. Front. Immunol., 16.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1611719"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00789-5","article-title":"Programmed cell death in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02416-5","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of breast Cancer","volume":"24","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nedeljkovi\u0107, M., and Damjanovi\u0107, A. (2019). Mechanisms of Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer-How We Can Rise to the Challenge. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8090957"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/5\/649\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T04:17:43Z","timestamp":1779509863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/5\/649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15050649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15050649","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]}}}