{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:45:43Z","timestamp":1785415543198,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 112-2320-B-A49-028-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2320-B-A49-028-MY3"]}]},{"award":["NSTC 112-2320-B-A49-028-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2320-B-A49-028-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02kv4zf79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005937","name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CY11408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY11408"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005937","name":"Cheng Hsin General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CY11506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY11506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CY11408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY11408"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014f77s28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CY11506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CY11506"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/014f77s28","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["114DN13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114DN13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005866","name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115DN19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115DN19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["114DN13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["114DN13"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019tq3436","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["115DN19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115DN19"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019tq3436","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Taraxacum mongolicum, a medicinal and edible plant of the Asteraceae family, is widely consumed in East Asia and contains diverse bioactive compounds. This study systematically evaluated the bioactivities of whole-plant extracts and their components and elucidated the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Among the extracts, the methanol fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, effective inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, and modulation of inflammation-related proteins. In addition, the extracts demonstrated \u03b1-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, indicating multifunctional bioactive potential. Activity-guided analysis identified luteolin (2) and apigenin (4) as key active compounds with strong NO inhibitory effects. Western blot analysis revealed that both compounds significantly downregulated NO-related protein expression. Mechanistically, luteolin attenuated inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-\u03baB signaling and modulating the MAPK pathway, whereas apigenin primarily exerted its effects through NF-\u03baB suppression. Both compounds also promoted M2 macrophage marker expression, suggesting a role in immune regulation. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed stable binding interactions of luteolin and apigenin with iNOS and COX-2. Overall, these findings demonstrate that T. mongolicum possesses antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory activities and supports its further investigation as a multifunctional bioactive resource.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15060688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T09:33:14Z","timestamp":1780479194000},"page":"688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioactive Extracts and Constituents from Taraxacum mongolicum: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Molecular Docking Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0976-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8662-8816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sin-Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5680-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jih-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.25583","article-title":"Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress: The smoking gun for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer?","volume":"4","author":"Hardbower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s44337-025-00303-y","article-title":"Oxidative stress and free radicals in disease pathogenesis: A review","volume":"2","author":"Pooja","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov. 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