{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:27:46Z","timestamp":1785403666489,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG2N0251-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG2N0251-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG3N1512-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3N1512-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CMRPG3N0701-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3N0701-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["CMRPG2N0251-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG2N0251-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dnn6q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CMRPG3N1512-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3N1512-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dnn6q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["CMRPG3N0701-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3N0701-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02dnn6q67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergic diseases are complex conditions in which oxidative stress contributes to pathogenesis, yet the metabolic mechanisms linking oxidative stress to immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses remain unclear. This study analyzed 124 children at an 8-year follow-up, identifying those with eczema, rhinitis, and asthma. Oxidative stress markers and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) blood metabolomic profiles were assessed to determine associations between metabolic pathways and atopic indices. Results showed that glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was significantly lower in seafood-sensitized children, while FeNO and mite-specific IgE were elevated in children with rhinitis (p &lt; 0.01). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) correlated positively with allergen-specific IgE and negatively with 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (p &lt; 0.01) and rhinitis-related methionine. Furthermore, seafood-specific IgE showed negative correlations with glucose and threonine (p &lt; 0.01). Among 22 metabolites linked to atopy, threonine correlated positively with GPx (p &lt; 0.01), while serine and mannose were associated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Pathway analysis revealed that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) and glycine-serine-threonine metabolism intersected significantly with oxidative stress and atopic indices. In conclusion, a metabolomics-based approach highlights that oxidative stress-related BCAA and threonine pathways are central to the metabolic signature of childhood allergies, providing potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15060720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:43:02Z","timestamp":1780904582000},"page":"720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Metabolomics-Based Analysis Linking Oxidative Stress-Related Branched-Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) Pathway with Atopic Indices to Childhood Allergies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jin-Ling","family":"Ku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8841-0108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuan-Wen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng-Han","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi-Omics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Ni","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Wei","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Long","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6454-968X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yung","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"},{"name":"Multi-Omics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01344-4","article-title":"Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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