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Using Ilex rotunda seedlings, we investigated whether exogenous SA (100 \u00b5M) mitigates drought-induced oxidative damage and reshapes phenolic profiles in different tissues. Drought alone increased leaf total phenolics by 32% but depleted root phenolics by 29%, whereas combined drought + SA (DSA) treatment partially restored root phenolic levels, coinciding with elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.2-fold in leaves, 2.6-fold in roots) and H2O2. Leaf antioxidant capacity increased under drought (DPPH by 73%, \u2022OH by 33%), whereas root DPPH declined by 27% despite a 26% rise in \u2022OH scavenging. SA alone induced mild oxidative responses and selectively upregulated caffeoylquinic and galloyl derivatives, notably 1-Caffeoylquinic acid (log2FC = 6.38) in leaves. DSA treatment mitigated oxidative damage\u2014reducing leaf MDA by 44% and root H2O2 by 38%. Metabolomics revealed tissue-specific reprogramming leaves accumulated dicaffeoylshikimic acid (log2FC = 10.66) and trilobatin D (log2FC = 11.18) under DSA, whereas roots showed contrasting patterns with up-accumulation of vanillate (log2FC = 5.77) and suppression of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (log2FC = \u22127.21) under drought, with stronger metabolic reprogramming in leaves than roots. Our findings indicate that SA-mediated drought tolerance is associated with tissue-specific phenolic reprogramming, identifying candidate indicators that advance the mechanistic understanding of woody plant resilience to drought. These results provide a framework for translating metabolomic signatures into practical strategies for stress mitigation in medicinal perennials facing climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1782813677000},"page":"808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Salicylic Acid Mitigates Drought-Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Ilex rotunda Through Tissue-Specific Reprogramming of Antioxidant Phenolics and ROS Scavenging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7546-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6360-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3486-024X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingzheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Institute of Ecological Agriculture and Biodiversity on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau\/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Smart Villages and Agri- Cultural- Tourism Integration, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0726-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashuang","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangye","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tahira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0276-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanyan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2202-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoliang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6185-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingsong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Non-Wood Forest Products Quality Regulation and Processing Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Junaid","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F 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