{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:15:19Z","timestamp":1792178119018,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":286,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supplements are widely perceived as safe and beneficial; yet in oncology, this assumption is questionable. Clinical trials over the past few decades have often produced disappointing results, raising a critical question: are these agents used correctly, or could they inadvertently cause harm? This review examines supplements frequently used in cancer care\u2014such as oral vitamin C, berberine, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin D, vitamin E, melatonin, polyphenols, alpha-lipoic acid, selenium, and coenzyme Q10\u2014which can act as tumor suppressors or promoters depending on dose, route, and disease stage. We examine their dual antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties, revealing that therapeutic outcomes are shaped not only by the molecule itself, but also by bioavailability, dosing thresholds, and the tumor redox environment. Building on these insights, we propose that four factors may be considered to guide clinical use: ensure that anticancer effects are not overshadowed by antioxidant activity, achieve sufficient bioavailability, confirm pro-oxidant concentrations where possible, and prioritize supplements that target the respiration-supported non-OxPhos pathways. By framing supplements as context-dependent redox modulators rather than universally beneficial agents, this review provides a mechanistically grounded framework for informing future research and safer, more effective integrative oncology strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:01:17Z","timestamp":1782813677000},"page":"809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Redox Paradox of Natural Supplements in Cancer: A Narrative Review to Guide Clinical Practice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4574-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierrick","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Jeunesse-Activit\u00e9 Physique et Sportive-Sant\u00e9 (J-AP2S), Univ Toulon, 83041 Toulon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-6556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique A. Martinez","family":"Mosqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oasis Sant\u00e9, Medical Center, 30700 Uz\u00e8s, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lionel","family":"Gillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Research and Development, Nutri-Logics SA, 9911 Troisvierges, Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0241-3426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Makis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"We The People Health and Wellness Center, Venice, FL 34285, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Peavler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holy Cross Health, 4725 N Federal Hwy, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-6139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Vega-Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Engineering Department, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Ra\u00fal Bitr\u00e1n 1305, La Serena 1700000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Joulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Jeunesse-Activit\u00e9 Physique et Sportive-Sant\u00e9 (J-AP2S), Univ Toulon, 83041 Toulon, France"},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, Inserm 1263, INRAE 1260, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1439-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, 1745 Pacific Ave., Ste. 504, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jee, S.-C., and Cheong, H. 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