{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:05:35Z","timestamp":1784027135128,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["325QN511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["325QN511"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lead (Pb) is a persistent aquatic pollutant that disrupts redox homeostasis in fish. This study investigated hepatic Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant responses, lipid peroxidation, and transcriptomic alterations in juvenile pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) exposed to waterborne Pb. Juvenile pufferfish were exposed to 5.98 mg\/L waterborne Pb, corresponding to 10% of the 96 h LC50, for 96 h. Liver, blood, and hepatocyte samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h, with four biological replicates at each sampling time point. Hepatic Pb accumulation increased over time and reached the highest level at 96 h. ROS levels in blood cells and hepatocytes increased rapidly and peaked at 12 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed early activation followed by late suppression, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) displayed partial adaptive recovery. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased progressively and reached approximately 2.8-fold of the control level at 96 h, indicating persistent lipid peroxidation. RNA-seq analysis identified 167, 460, 1398, and 2580 differentially expressed genes at 12, 24, 48, and 96 h, respectively. Enrichment, temporal trend, and weighted gene co-expression analyses indicated that Pb exposure shifted hepatic responses from early redox regulation to later metabolic adaptation, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome function, and oxidative phosphorylation. qRT-PCR validation of 12 hub genes supported the RNA-seq results. These findings provide integrated biochemical and transcriptomic evidence for oxidative-stress-mediated hepatic toxicity in pufferfish exposed to waterborne Pb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:06:34Z","timestamp":1782875194000},"page":"827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Waterborne Lead Exposure Induces Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Transcriptomic Responses in Pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shengli","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572426, China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuo","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572426, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572426, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4296-8218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingtong","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China"},{"name":"Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya 572426, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2024.116139","article-title":"Unveiling the silent threat: Heavy metal toxicity devastating impact on aquatic organisms and DNA damage","volume":"200","author":"Santhosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mar. 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