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Nonetheless, advancing age leads to cumulative damage to mitochondrial structure and functional integrity, which is a defining characteristic of biological aging and is closely linked to the emergence and progression of numerous age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. Scope of review: This article offers a thorough summary and review of mitochondrial quality control (MQC), emphasizing numerous critical processes, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamic remodeling (fusion and fission), and mitophagy. We thoroughly elucidate the molecular pathways that regulate MQC and demonstrate how age-related dysregulation precipitates cellular senescence, highlighting the transition from physiological maintenance to pathological malfunction, which ultimately culminates in cellular aging. Conclusions and implications: This study systematically elaborates the pathophysiological mechanisms in the field, comprehensively evaluates the clinical translational potential of targeting the MQC pathway, highlights the key objectives of \u201crestoring mitochondrial plasticity and removing dysfunctional mitochondria\u201d, and explores novel intervention strategies. The restoration of normal mitochondrial function in cells throughout aging is a very promising path for precision medicine therapeutics with great translational potential, according to recent state-of-the-art research. The development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve functional healthy mitochondria can effectively delay aging and reduce the rising global burden of age-related diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:06:34Z","timestamp":1782875194000},"page":"830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mitochondrial Quality Control in Age-Related Diseases: From Molecular Architecture to Precision Therapeutics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4006-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingmin","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"},{"name":"Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunology, Shaanxi Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, Xi\u2019an 710068, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forensic Medicine, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.10.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial signal transduction","volume":"34","author":"Picard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01251-0","article-title":"Aging and aging-related diseases: From molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. 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