{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T06:07:28Z","timestamp":1784268448792,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico, Brasil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303862\/2022-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303862\/2022-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The topical application of ferulic acid (FA) is limited by its low solubility and high susceptibility to oxidation. To overcome these limitations, the multicomponent system Cicloferulic\u00ae (CF) was developed by mixing FA, hydroxypropyl \u03b2-cyclodextrin (HP\u03b2-CD), and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30), which demonstrated greater safety and antioxidant efficacy than FA alone. The physicochemical characterization of FA, CF, and their components showed greater thermal stability and reduced crystallinity of CF, indicating the formation of the system. In cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT cells, FA maintained cell viability only up to 500 \u00b5g\/mL, while CF maintained viability even at 10.000 \u00b5g\/mL, demonstrating 20 times greater safety than FA. In cellular antioxidant activity assays, FA and CF showed similar effects at low concentrations. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, CF and FA reduced more than 70% of DPPH; however, CF contains only 12% FA, indicating an eightfold greater efficiency than FA. Formulations containing FA and CF increased the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) in vitro, even with a 50% reduction in UV filters. However, they did not stabilize formulations with intrinsically photolabile UV filters. In release studies, FA exhibited rapid flow, while CF promoted a modified release profile. Thus, CF stands out as an innovative, multifunctional system that can improve the stability, safety, and efficacy of FA for topical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:32:17Z","timestamp":1784266337000},"page":"885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional System with Ferulic Acid: Increased Safety, Antioxidant Activity, and Efficacy of Sunscreen Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jamile Vit\u00f3ria Alves","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda \u00cdlary Costa","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital Jo\u00e3o Machado, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3731-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvia Maria","family":"da Costa Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Lu\u00edza Andr\u00e9","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09913-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Prado","family":"Augusto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09913-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Fernandes","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2042-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Caninde","family":"de Sousa Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5375-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Barreto","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0349-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Henrique Andrade","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1353-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia Santos","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 09913-030, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9197-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Rolim","family":"Baby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1dley Antonini Neves","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2204-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa Arantes","family":"Ostrosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, X., Wan, F., Su, W., and Xie, W. 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