{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:19:20Z","timestamp":1790741960096,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council of Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) and the National Program for Scientific Research and Advanced Studies","award":["PE501092960-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501092960-2024"]}]},{"name":"National Council of Science, Technology, and Technological Innovation (CONCYTEC) and the National Program for Scientific Research and Advanced Studies","award":["PE501084296-2023-PROCIENCIA-BM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501084296-2023-PROCIENCIA-BM"]}]},{"award":["PE501092960-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501092960-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pap9b79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["PE501084296-2023-PROCIENCIA-BM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501084296-2023-PROCIENCIA-BM"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05pap9b79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice husk, a by-product of rice processing, is a natural source of phenolic compounds and cellulose. Although pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is an efficient technique for recovering antioxidant compounds, its application to rice husk using water\u2013ethanol mixtures and its effect on the chemical and structural properties of the resulting post-extraction lignocellulosic residues remain unexplored. Thus, this study evaluated water\u2013ethanol mixtures (0\u201360%) at 90\u2013150 \u00b0C under PLE conditions. The process was assessed in terms of recovery of antioxidant compounds, co-extraction of reducing sugars, and formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), along with structural and chemical characterization of the post-extraction residue. The highest total phenolic content (3.23 mg GAE\/g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity (88.05 \u03bcmol TE\/g dry weight) were obtained with 60% ethanol at 150 \u00b0C, significantly outperforming water-only extraction. The concentrations of gallic acid, caffeic acid, and vanillin in the extracts increased under these conditions. Ethanol played a dual role, acting as an antisolvent that reduced sugar co-extraction while simultaneously suppressing 5-HMF formation. SEM images of the post-extraction residue revealed cell wall disruption at higher temperatures and ethanol concentrations, consistent with the release of phenolic compounds. XRD and FTIR confirmed that the native cellulose I structure and characteristic functional groups were preserved across all extraction conditions. This approach supports the integrated valorization of rice husk by simultaneously producing phenolic-rich extracts and a structurally preserved cellulosic co-product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15070902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:16:39Z","timestamp":1784650599000},"page":"902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrated Valorization of Rice Husk by Pressurized Liquid Extraction: Phenolic-Rich Extract Recovery, Reduced 5-HMF Formation, and Preservation of a Cellulosic Co-Product"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6132-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milagros Sofia","family":"Bustamante-Bernedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, National University of Engineering, Av. T\u00fapac Amaru 210, Lima 15333, Peru"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Tecnolog\u00edas Sustentables para la Extracci\u00f3n de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para el Desarrollo del Per\u00fa (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Paraguay-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Materiales Avanzados SC (CIMAV), Av. Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8942-4480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique D.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3748-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils Leander","family":"Huam\u00e1n-Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Tecnolog\u00edas Sustentables para la Extracci\u00f3n de Compuestos de Alto Valor, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n para el Desarrollo del Per\u00fa (IINDEP), Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru"},{"name":"Escuela Profesional de Ingenier\u00eda Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2023.100280","article-title":"Physical Properties of Four Rice Cultivars Grown in Indian Temperate Region","volume":"3","author":"Qadir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. 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