{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T08:05:17Z","timestamp":1784880317245,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Freshwater Aquatic Germplasm Resource Center","award":["FGRC18537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FGRC18537"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2023TD65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD65"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2023JBFM09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JBFM09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is highly sensitive to hypoxic conditions, but its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, C. alburnus were exposed to hypoxia (DO: 0.60 \u00b1 0.05 mg\u00b7L\u22121) for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h to investigate the gill tissue responses and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Results showed that gill lamellae of C. alburnus exhibited distortion and thickening under hypoxic stress for 2\u20136 h. Between 12 and 24 h of hypoxia, the gill tissue exhibited changes characterized by sinusoidal dilatation and an increased number of red blood cells. Interestingly, the apoptosis rates significantly increased in all experimental groups in response to the hypoxic environment. The plasma glucose (Glu) level increased rapidly at the early stage and then gradually declined. The total protein (TP) level showed a slight elevation. Meanwhile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibited sustained increases. Hypoxia stress may induce a metabolic transition from early reliance on glucose for energy to later reliance on lipid metabolism. SOD activity gradually increased under hypoxia, while MDA content exhibited an overall upward trend. Oxidative stress-related genes (foxo1b, mapkapk2, irs2, ppargc1b) were significantly upregulated to enhance antioxidant capacity during the early phase of hypoxic stress. However, during the late phase of hypoxia, the expression of these genes was significantly downregulated. In conclusion, this study offers a new theoretical basis for gill tolerance remodeling and molecular regulation in C. alburnus under acute hypoxic stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15080918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T07:36:13Z","timestamp":1784878573000},"page":"918","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gill Tissue Tolerance Remodeling and Compensatory Regulatory Mechanisms Under Acute Hypoxic Stress in Topmouth Culter (Culter alburnus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3411-8052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huali","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabba","family":"Koroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di\u2019an","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072506","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1072506","article-title":"Chromosome-scale assembly and quantitative trait locus mapping for major economic traits of the Culter alburnus genome using Illumina and PacBio sequencing with Hi-C mapping information","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. 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