{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:00:04Z","timestamp":1785474004794,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007414","name":"Qassim University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["QU-APC-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QU-APC-2026"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wsfe280","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial cardiometabolic disorder characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and oxidative stress. This narrative review evaluates the evidence for camel milk and date fruits as functional foods with potential antioxidant and metabolic benefits. A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and regional databases identified clinical, experimental, and review studies published from 2008 to 2026 on camel milk, date fruits, or their bioactive constituents in relation to oxidative stress and cardiometabolic outcomes. The available evidence suggests that camel milk may improve glycemic control, with reductions in HbA1c and insulin requirements reported in some trials. In contrast, date consumption generally does not impair glycemic regulation and may improve lipid and oxidative stress markers in selected settings. However, the evidence is heterogeneous with respect to study design, sample size, intervention form, dose, duration, cultivar, and participant characteristics. Preclinical findings support plausible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms for both foods, but direct evidence for the combined intake of camel milk and dates is lacking. Overall, camel milk and date fruits may represent promising complementary dietary components, although standardized human trials are needed to confirm efficacy and clarify their interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox15080945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1785344506000},"page":"945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Desert Duo: A Narrative Review on How Camel Milk and Date Fruits Combat Oxidative Stress and Enhance Metabolic Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-4835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Barakat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ghonimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2008.08172.x","article-title":"Blood Pressure Control in Patients with Comorbidities","volume":"10","author":"Schmieder","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000112457","article-title":"The Metabolic Syndrome: Definitions, Prevalence and Management","volume":"1","author":"Levesque","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lifestyle Genom."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000405","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Cardiometabolic Disease","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Swarup, S., Ahmed, I., Grigorova, Y., and Zeltser, R. (2024). Metabolic Syndrome. Statpearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.1938758.379","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies","volume":"16","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.11.004","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-East Countries: Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies","volume":"12","author":"Ansarimoghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Clin. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001180","article-title":"A Comprehensive Definition for Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12075","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome as a Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Clinical Interpretations and Usefulness","volume":"4","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2009.02.026","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"84","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masenga, S.K., Kabwe, L.S., Chakulya, M., and Kirabo, A. (2023). Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24097898"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kotha, R.R., Tareq, F.S., Yildiz, E., and Luthria, D.L. (2022). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants\u2014A Critical Review on in Vitro Antioxidant Assays. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122388"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pozo Gir\u00e1ldez, A., Bravo G\u00f3mez, A., Calmarza, P., Sienes Bailo, P., Dayaldasani Khialani, A., Montolio Breva, S., Sainz-Pastor, N., and Fort Gallifa, I. (2026). Oxidative Stress and Its Role in Vascular Damage and Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27021075"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., and Jose, P.A. (2021). Coordinated Contribution of Nadph Oxidase-and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front. Pharmacol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.670076"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klisic, A., Patoulias, D., and Isenovic, E.R. (2024). Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Disorders. Front. Endocrinol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1397836"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-018-0158-9","article-title":"Association of Antioxidant Status and Inflammatory Markers with Metabolic Syndrome in Thais","volume":"38","author":"Suriyaprom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Health Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71638","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71638","article-title":"Camel Milk as a Functional Food: Nutritional Composition, Health-Promoting Benefits, and Safety Considerations","volume":"14","author":"Bereda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2024.v14.i12.2","article-title":"Camel Milk: Nutritional Composition, Therapeutic Properties, and Benefits for Human Health","volume":"14","author":"Alhassani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behrouz, S., Saadat, S., Memarzia, A., Sarir, H., Folkerts, G., and Boskabady, M.H. (2022). The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.855342"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Karmadi, A., and Okoh, A.I. (2024). An Overview of Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Fruits as an Important Global Food Resource. Foods, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods13071024"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2019.100509","article-title":"Nutritional and Biological Characteristics of the Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)\u2014A Review","volume":"34","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2019.104568","article-title":"Effect of Camel Milk on Glycaemic Control and Lipid Profile of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"101","author":"Fallah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.02.057","article-title":"Nutritional, Antimicrobial and Medicinal Properties of Camel\u2019s Milk: A Review","volume":"28","author":"Swelum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480020027000-3-5","article-title":"Fatty Acids and Lipids of Camel Milk and Colostrum","volume":"52","author":"Gorban","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fufo.2025.100579","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u201cNutritional, Nutraceutical Attributes, Microbiological and Chemical Safety of Different Varieties of Dates\u2014A Review\u201d [Future Foods, Volume 10, Article Number 100421]","volume":"11","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Foods"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barakat, H., and Alfheeaid, H.A. (2023). Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) and Its Promising Potential in Developing Functional Energy Bars: Review of Chemical, Nutritional, Functional, and Sensory Attributes. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092134"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6154","article-title":"Date Fruit: Chemical Composition, Nutritional and Medicinal Values, Products","volume":"93","author":"Tang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2023.e18","article-title":"A Review on Camel Milk Composition, Techno-Functional Properties and Processing Constraints","volume":"44","author":"Arain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Sci. Anim. Resour."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"55","article-title":"Camel Milk: Composition, Properties and Processing Potential","volume":"6","author":"Omrani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mor. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2008.09.008","article-title":"The Composition of Camel Milk: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature Data","volume":"22","author":"Konuspayeva","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Food Compos. Anal."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Agamy, E.I. (2009). Bioactive Components in Camel Milk. Bioactive Components in Milk and Dairy Products, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780813821504.ch6"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12943","article-title":"Camel Milk Composition by Breed, Season, Publication Year, and Country: A Global Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression","volume":"21","author":"Alhaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29022","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.29022","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties at Various Maturity Stages","volume":"42","author":"Bano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3934\/agrfood.2020.4.734","article-title":"Dates Palm Fruits: A Review of Their Nutritional Components, Bioactivities and Functional Food Applications","volume":"5","author":"Idowu","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIMS Agric. Food"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70221","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70221","article-title":"Ripening Stage and Phenolic Composition Characterization of Fruit from Different Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars in Australia","volume":"13","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alhuwaymil, A., Alfheeaid, H.A., Algeffari, M., and Barakat, H. (2026). Nutritional Characterization and Postprandial Glycemic Response of Low-Calorie Date Snacks Incorporating Psyllium and Oat Fibers in Healthy and Type 2 Diabetes. Front. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1862658"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahloul, A.H.H., Ghazal, G.A., Mahmoud, M.H., Alfheeaid, H.A.A., Aljutaily, T., Alayouni, R., Alharbi, H.F., and Barakat, H. (2026). Development, Nutritional Profiling, Physicochemical Properties, Computational Protein-Polyphenol Interactions, and Sensory Properties of High-Energy Medjool Date Bars. Front. Nutr., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2026.1813284"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahloul, A.H., Mahmoud, M.H., Ghazal, G.A., and Barakat, H. (2026). Formulation and Characterization of Nutrient-Dense Medjool Date Bars: Integration of Proteins, Bioactives, and Processing Stability for Functional Snack Innovation. Foods, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods15050887"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barakat, H., Alfheeaid, H.A., Aljutaily, T., Alayouni, R., Alharbi, H.F., and Alsanei, W.A. (2025). Elucidating the Nutritional Profile and Biochemical Characterization of High-Energy Nutritional Bar Formulated with Sukkari Date Paste and Mixed Nuts. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14213661"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0424","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Obesity: The Chicken or the Egg?","volume":"63","author":"Aroor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harizi, N., Zouari, A., Rokbeni, N., Ben Zid, M., M\u2019hiri, N., Salem, A., Ayadi, M.A., and Boudhrioua, N. (2024). Amino Acids and Protein Profiles of Defatted Camel and Cow Milk Fractions: Correlation with Their in Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities. Front. Nutr., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1295878"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"101682","article-title":"Camel Milk and Oxidative Stress: Therapeutic Potential against Metabolic Syndrome Diseases","volume":"19","author":"Musa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.456","article-title":"Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Tangvarasittichai","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70896","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70896","article-title":"Therapeutic Power of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): A Nutrient-Rich Superfood for Holistic Health and Disease Prevention","volume":"13","author":"Awan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.131444","article-title":"A State-of-Art Review on Camel Milk Proteins as an Emerging Source of Bioactive Peptides with Diverse Nutraceutical Properties","volume":"373","author":"Valizadenia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaouhari, Y., Disca, V., Ferreira-Santos, P., Alvaredo-L\u00f3pez-Vizca\u00edno, A., Travaglia, F., Bordiga, M., and Locatelli, M. (2024). Valorization of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as a Potential Functional Food and Ingredient: Characterization of Fiber, Oligosaccharides, and Antioxidant Polyphenols. Molecules, 29.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29194606"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlKurd, R., Hanash, N., Khalid, N., Abdelrahim, D.N., Khan, M.A.B., Mahrous, L., Radwan, H., Naja, F., Madkour, M., and Obaideen, K. (2022). Effect of Camel Milk on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061245"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalid, N., Abdelrahim, D.N., Hanach, N., AlKurd, R., Khan, M., Mahrous, L., Radwan, H., Naja, F., Madkour, M., and Obaideen, K. (2023). Effect of Camel Milk on Lipid Profile among Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials. BMC Complement. Med. Ther., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04257-5"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.61186\/nsft.19.3.96","article-title":"Effects of Camel Milk on Glycemic Indices and Lipid Profiles of Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetic and Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Navvab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Nutr. Sci. Food Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sboui, A., Atig, C., Khabir, A., Hammadi, M., and Khorchani, T. (2022). Camel Milk Used as an Adjuvant Therapy to Treat Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Effects on Blood Glucose, Hba1c, Cholesterol, and Tg Levels. J. Chem., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5860162"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.98","article-title":"Effect of Camel Milk on Glycemic Control and Insulin Requirement in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: 2-Years Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"65","author":"Agrawal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_1191_17","article-title":"Effect of Fermented Camel Milk on Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Crossover Trial","volume":"23","author":"Fallah","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Res. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Dashti, Y.A., Holt, R.R., Keen, C.L., and Hackman, R.M. (2021). Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera): Effects on Vascular Health and Future Research Directions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094665"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2130160","article-title":"The Role of Dietary Fibers in Regulating Appetite, an Overview of Mechanisms and Weight Consequences","volume":"64","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Abed, H., Chakroun, M., Abdelkafi-Koubaa, Z., Drira, N., Marrakchi, N., Mejdoub, H., and Khemakhem, B. (2018). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antitumoral Effects of Aqueous Ethanolic Extract from Phoenix dactylifera L. Parthenocarpic Dates. BioMed Res. Int., 2018.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1542602"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8010","DOI":"10.1021\/jf901559a","article-title":"Effects of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L., Medjool or Hallawi Variety) Consumption by Healthy Subjects on Serum Glucose and Lipid Levels and on Serum Oxidative Status: A Pilot Study","volume":"57","author":"Rock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2016.10.032","article-title":"Chemical Characterisation and the Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Angiogenic and Antibacterial Properties of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)","volume":"194","author":"Taleb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Algonaiman, R., and Alharbi, H.F. (2023). Development of Fermented Camel Milk Incorporating Oats and Sukkari Date Palm Fruit: Nutritional, Physicochemical, Functional, and Organoleptic Attributes. Fermentation, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation9100864"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23995","article-title":"Invited Review: Camel Milk and Gut Health-Understanding Digestibility and the Effect on Gut Microbiota","volume":"107","author":"Ali","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, S., Ming, L., Li, Y., Lv, H., Li, L., Jambal, T., and Ji, R. (2022). Modulatory Effect of Camel Milk on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1072133"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faustini, M., Vigo, D., Brecchia, G., Agradi, S., Draghi, S., Curone, G., Atigui, M., Sboui, A., Quattrone, A., and Fehri, N.E. (2025). Camel (Camelus dromedarius L. and Camelus bactrianus L.) Milk Composition and Effects on Human Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. Biology, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology14091162"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, J., Viuda-Martos, M., Sayas-Barber\u00e1, E., Navarro-Rodr\u00edguez de Vera, C., and P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lvarez, J.\u00c1. (2022). Biological, Nutritive, Functional and Healthy Potential of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Current Research and Future Prospects. Agronomy, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12040876"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aljutaily, T., Barakat, H., Moustafa, M.M.A., and Rehan, M. (2022). Incorporation of Sukkari Date in Probiotic-Enriched Fermented Camel Milk Improves the Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Organoleptical Characteristics. Fermentation, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation8110619"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v15.i6.1079","article-title":"Effect of Dates on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profile among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Mirghani","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125522","article-title":"Bioactive Compounds from Date Fruit and Seed as Potential Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients","volume":"308","author":"Maqsood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.10.014","article-title":"Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Capacity of Camel Milk Peptides: Effects of Isolated Peptide on Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Gene Expression","volume":"25","author":"Asoodeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Drug Anal."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.05.004","article-title":"Potential Antioxidant Bioactive Peptides from Camel Milk Proteins","volume":"4","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.113278","article-title":"Camel Milk Peptides Alleviate Hyperglycemia by Regulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice","volume":"173","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/8\/945\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:33:04Z","timestamp":1785472384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/15\/8\/945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox15080945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox15080945","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]]}}}